By briefly expounding Freud's theory of personality development, this paper discusses its enlightenment to children's education: first, children's growth needs parents' love more; Second, pay attention to the influence of same-sex parents on their children; Third, different ways of family education will make children form different personalities; The fourth is to grasp the training and learning of children; The fifth is to let children establish a mature psychological defense mechanism. Finally, under the enlightenment, this paper discusses the countermeasures of children's education from the aspects of attaching importance to the educational goal of improving personality cultivation, good educational environment, democratic educational model, key educational opportunity, and the educational method of combining explicit education with implicit education.