Dewey was born in the countryside. From 65438 to 0859, Dewey was born in an ordinary family in Vermont, USA.
1879, graduated from Dewey University at the age of 20. In his years of study, although he is not a gifted child, he can always keep thinking and seek the support of various resources to help him continue to improve on the existing basis. This resource is books.
Dewey did two things right when he was growing up in the school. The first thing, the author calls it "the choice is greater than the effort". Dewey's choice is reading. This kind of reading is not forced by family or school, but his natural love.
The second thing is to form a structural support. What is structural? In fact, Dewey is always a "cross-border talent", and his knowledge structure and thinking structure are not limited to a certain time and corner.
Today, we see that many universities in China have affiliated primary and secondary schools, whose ancestors can be traced back to Dewey, who is the real initiator.
19 19 years, really linked with the future and destiny of China. It is no exaggeration to say that since the Republic of China, no other educator has had the most profound and lasting influence on our country.
It was after many times of on-site listening and content arrangement that Tao Xingzhi learned Dewey's "civilian education" and "pragmatism" for the first time. This process corresponds to the historical background of China's education, and both Tao Xingzhi's thought and the direction of China's educational reform have entered the "Dewey era".
During the period of the Republic of China 19 19 to 192 1, Dewey always visited China during these 26 months. At that time, intellectuals and authorities all over the country were quite admired, trusted and even superstitious about Dewey. Naturally, the whole educational circle also admires him, and his theory is constantly spreading and strengthening as truth.
Tao Xingzhi is an outstanding modern people's educator in China. He devoted his life to education and explored a new way for ethnic education in China. His educational thought is a creative educational thought, and his thought of "life education" runs through.
Tao Xingzhi,1965438+returned to China in the autumn of 2007 and began his practical career of educational reform. Tao Xingzhi inherited Dewey's educational theory. He emphasized the role of education in social transformation, saying that "transforming people is transforming society". He believes that the rise and fall of a country depends on education, and if education can be popularized, it will affect the direction of the motherland's reform and save the country and nation in from the mire.
He inherited Dewey's view that education exists in social practice, social life is the deepening and continuation of education, and education must be closely integrated with life. He advocates that life education is the education of the masses, life is education, and education is life. People should seek wisdom in life, receive education in daily life and improve themselves.
How to open people's wisdom, promote people's patriotic awakening and promote social change has become the call of the times.
Tao Xingzhi believes that it is very important to popularize education for 300 million farmers. 1922, based on the practice of Xiaozhuang Normal School, Tao Xingzhi creatively put forward the educational thoughts of "life is education", "society is school" and "teaching integration", which directly reversed Dewey's thoughts of "education is life" and "school is society".
The life education he advocated was carried out in society and life. There is as much education as there is in society and life.
He saw China's "teachers only discipline, students only teach", and students learn passively, lacking initiative and creativity. On the basis of Dewey's "learning by doing", he put forward "the integration of teaching and learning": "how to learn how to do things, how to teach how to learn, and the method of learning should be based on the method of doing", emphasizing the unity of knowledge and practice, highlighting the organic unity of teaching and learning, which is superior to Dewey.
Tao Xingzhi s life education practice;
1. Xiaozhuang College
Tao Xingzhi put forward the slogan of "raising10 million yuan fund, recruiting10 million comrades, advocating10 million schools and transforming10 million villages". From 65438 to 0927, Tao Xingzhi founded the Experimental Rural Normal School in Nanjing, which was later renamed Xiaozhuang School. He established the life education theory of "life is education", "society is school" and "integration of teaching and learning", and tried it himself, hoping to find a way to transform China's education from rural education.
2. Shanhai Engineering Group
1932, Tao Xingzhi founded the "Mountain and Sea Engineering Corps" in Shanghai, and put forward that "workers should keep in good health, learn clearly, and the Corps should protect", trying to integrate workshops, schools and society, further explore the education road in China and realize the goal of universal education.
3. "Mr. Xiao"
In order to solve the problems of lack of teachers, insufficient funds and difficulties in women's education in universal education, we put forward "Mr. Xiao", that is, "pass on what you know", and hand over the words you know and the culture you have learned to others anytime and anywhere. Children are the main undertakers of this process.
Tao Xingzhi believes that children can also do great things. "Mr. Xiao" not only teaches others to learn literacy, but also teaches his students to be "Mr. Xiao", and their knowledge is constantly improved. Mr. Small is called "the most important key to universal education in poor countries"
4. Yucai School
1939, Tao Xingzhi founded Yucai School in Chongqing in order to accommodate the children of refugees displaced in the war and cultivate young people with special talents. He painstakingly promoted his studies, compared himself with the "new martial arts training", and trained a group of artistic talents, many of whom became cadres of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC).
Life education theory is the core of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought. Tao Xingzhi was deeply influenced by the trend of pragmatism education and progressive education movement, and put forward the theory of life education.
This educational concept comes from two aspects: one is the direct source, that is, the projection of my master's pragmatic philosophy in education. Secondly, Tao Xingzhi's dialectical thinking on traditional Confucianism is directly manifested in the ideological transformation of Wang Yangming's "Mind Learning".
From its connotation, "life education is to educate life, to educate with life, and to educate for the needs of life." Judging from the relationship between life and education, it is life that determines education. As far as effectiveness is concerned, education can only become real education through life. "
Life is education is the core of life education theory. First, life contains the meaning of education, which advocates that people actively participate in life and make progress in the contradictions and struggles of life; Second, real life is the center of education; Third, life determines education, and education transforms life. The purpose, principles, contents and methods of education are all determined by life.
Society as school is the embodiment of life as education. First, it means "the society contains the meaning of the school" or "taking society as the school"; second, it means "the school contains the meaning of the society", that is, on the one hand, the school "uses the power of society to make the school progress" by combining with social life; On the other hand, "mobilizing the power of schools to help social progress" makes schools truly an indispensable part of social life.
The combination of teaching and learning is an educational law. First, it is required to "work hard on labor." Second, "Action is the beginning of knowledge", action is the source of knowledge, and education must be created and completed from action. Third, it is required to "teach before learning" and "teach before learning". Fourthly, it denies the injection teaching method, that is, education should be combined with practice.
The connotation of Tao Xingzhi's "life is education": (1) Education is the source of life, and you will be educated whatever you live; (2) Life is the center of education, and education is based on life; (3) Education is to improve life.
The connotation of Dewey's "education is life": (1) Education is the process of life, and school is a form of social life; (2) School life should be consistent with children's own life; (3) School life should be consistent with off-campus life.
Comparison between the two: (1) What they have in common is that they both emphasize the connection between education and life, and the connection between school and society. (2) The differences are: the social background and historical influence of the theory are different; The understanding of life is different. Tao Xingzhi emphasized the real society, while Dewey emphasized the school society and children's life that embodied the social spirit. The understanding of education is different. Tao Xingzhi emphasized education in the social sense, while Dewey emphasized school education.
Life education is the "greatest common denominator" of Tao Xingzhi's thoughts on civilian education, rural education, wartime education and creative education, and it is the core of his thoughts.
Historian Fei Zhengqing commented: "The most creative student of Dr. Dewey is Tao Xingzhi", "Tao Xingzhi is Dewey's student, but he faced up to China's problems and surpassed Dewey".
Tao Xingzhi said: "I am willing to be a camel for the suffering children, and go deep into the countryside for universal education."
He has been exploring education for the motherland, the people and the children all his life.
"Come with a heart, not a blade of grass."