The Gruu Special Forces was established in 1950s. Marshal zhukov, then Minister of National Defense, suggested to CPSU the Political Bureau of the Central Committee that a special intelligence subversive force should be established in the border military region, which could sneak into the enemy's rear to carry out sabotage activities in times of war or pre-war crisis. In the early days of its establishment, the army's clothing was varied, starting with the motorized infantry clothing, then the pilot and signalman clothing, and finally the formal special forces clothing.
1979 in view of the tense situation in Afghanistan, the former Soviet general staff decided to set up special forces in the Turkmenistan military region. The members of the army are Uzbeks and Tajiks, who all know the local language of Afghanistan. After the establishment of this special force, it was sent to the battlefield in Afghanistan to attack the presidential palace of Afghan President Amin, and entered Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, in August 1979 to carry out sabotage activities behind enemy lines. Because Afghan guerrillas pose a great threat to the former Soviet army, Agro Mayev, former chief of general staff of the Soviet army, decided to send two more special forces of about 6,000 people to Afghanistan at 1985. In the war of the former Soviet Union invading Afghanistan, Gruu special forces lost 1, 9 1, and their opponents lost more than 5,000 people. They seized enough weapons to equip a division. He was the last troop to withdraw from Afghanistan after the Soviet army announced its withdrawal.
At present, the headquarters of the Gruu Special Forces is located in the Russian General Staff in Arbat Street, Moscow, with the code number 44388. There are about 5,000 people in the headquarters, and13,400 spies are sent abroad. It is estimated that there will be about100000 people of all kinds, with an annual budget of $ 654380+05 billion. During the period of the former Soviet Union, Gruu's personnel rights and the plans and arrangements for foreign espionage activities were supervised and controlled by the KGB.
The Ministry has a four-level organizational system of departments, bureaus, departments and offices, with 22 bureaus, 2 institutes, 10 departments and 1 0 directly affiliated departments. The first bureau is the European Military Strategic Service Office, the second to fourth bureaus are the military strategic service offices that carry out secret intelligence activities in other regions, the second bureau is responsible for collecting strategic information from the North Atlantic and Eastern European countries, the third bureau is responsible for strategic information from the United States, Britain, Central and South America and Commonwealth countries, and the fourth bureau is responsible for collecting strategic information from the Middle East to Asian countries. The fifth bureau is the operational intelligence bureau, which is responsible for all strategic sabotage activities in military operations. The Sixth Bureau is the Electronic Intelligence Bureau, which mainly carries out electronic intelligence activities. The seventh bureau and the twelfth bureau are both intelligence research institutions. In addition, there are special operations bureaus, which mainly carry out activities such as subversion, assassination, kidnapping and psychological warfare; Space intelligence agency, responsible for spy satellite information; The Foreign Affairs Bureau, also known as the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense, is responsible for the foreign affairs activities of the Soviet (Russian) army and carries out espionage activities from it; Training bureau, responsible for training spies; Action technology bureau, responsible for the technical equipment and equipment of all spies; Administration and technology bureau, responsible for foreign exchange and gold and other valuables; There are also communication bureau, personnel bureau, etc.
The more important subordinate bureaus are: the first subordinate bureau is responsible for espionage in Moscow; Directly under the second place, responsible for espionage in Berlin; Directly under the third division, responsible for espionage and terrorist organizations in the third world; Directly under the fourth place, responsible for Cuba's espionage activities against the United States; The fifth place directly under it is the Political Department; The sixth place directly under it is the finance department; The seventh place directly under it is the Passport Office, which is responsible for studying the forgery of passports and various tickets of various countries; Directly under the eighth division, responsible for file encryption and decryption; The ninth place directly under it is the archives department.
Selection and training
The selection of members of the Gruu special forces is very strict. Members who enter this unit must serve in other units, and every soldier needs special training.
After being selected, more rigorous special training is needed. In addition to the physical fitness, endurance professional skills and actual combat training carried out by special forces, Gruu troops often carry out overseas reconnaissance activities, so Gruu members also carry out intensive foreign language training, and most of them can skillfully use a foreign language. In addition, field survival training is also very important for the Gru army. During training, instructors usually send a special soldier to a strange place, give him 60 bullets and food for a day, and let him stay there for ten days to complete the tasks assigned to him, so as to exercise the team members' survival ability in a difficult environment. Also, how to recruit spies is a unique part of Gruu's training.
Combat training
Systema Sistema Russian (система) is a martial art defined as a state secret by the former Soviet Union. It was taught by the special forces of the former Soviet Union in the early days. Students must join the army for many years and be elected as KGB, GRU (Gruu Special Forces) SMERSH (directly under Stalin's Rebellion).
At present, teaching has begun step by step.
weaponry
Makarov silent pistol, AK-74 assault rifle, VSK94 sniper rifle, AN94 assault rifle, Bison submachine gun, PP-2000 submachine gun, SVU tactical rifle, OSV-96 sniper rifle, AKM assault rifle, stechkin assault pistol, IZHMASHSK- 100 series assault rifle and SVD sniper rifle.
In addition, each team member is equipped with a 9MM submachine gun named PP-2000. When PP-2000 is used to launch 7N3 1 armor-piercing projectile, it can penetrate 3mm thick steel plate at a shooting distance of 90m and 5mm thick steel plate at a shooting distance of 50m. If you shoot at a distance of 20m, you can easily penetrate 8mm thick steel plate. The Alpha team has taken on the heavy responsibility since its inception, so the team can be described as "one in a million" for the selected members. The first batch of Alpha team members are no more than 30 people, all of whom are young KGB officers. They have extraordinary skills and all passed strict examinations before they can join this most elite special commando team.
After five years of training, Alpha Team finally became the first "fist" in the former Soviet Union to fight terrorism. In the course of more than 20 years' growth, Alpha Group has participated in dozens of battles, and has repeatedly demonstrated its talents and made outstanding achievements, becoming a sword against terrorism that attracts worldwide attention.
1On July 28th, 979, a terrorist sneaked into the U.S. Embassy in the Soviet Union with an explosive device and asked American diplomats to escort him out of the country, otherwise he would detonate the explosive device and die together. Alpha team was ordered to take decisive action to quickly subdue the terrorists without any casualties. The neat first move of the Alpha team left a deep impression. "
1979,1On February 27th, 979, the former Soviet Union took a large-scale military action of sudden attack on neighboring mountainous country Afghanistan. That night, the Alpha team, who was ordered to turn into the battlefield, took part in the fierce battle to storm Amin Palace. With the cooperation of the special forces of the Muslim Brotherhood, the Alpha team captured the heavily guarded Afghan Prime Minister's Office with lightning speed, and captured Amin, Chairman and Prime Minister of the Afghan Revolutionary Committee. For the first time, the Alpha team really experienced a "battle baptism", which fully demonstrated its unique combat capability, but it also paid a heavy price for sacrificing nine players for the first time. Later, in order to better accomplish its mission, Alpha Group put forward a new goal, that is, "In any environment where terrorism may occur, Alpha Group should have its own people ...". Immediately, the Alpha team began to expand its scale and the number of members increased significantly. Preventive measures are not in vain.
From 198 1 to 1986, three major terrorist incidents occurred in the former Soviet Union. However, due to the decisive action of Alpha Group, none of these terrorist incidents succeeded.
198 1, In Sarapur, Alpha team subdued two terrorists who held 25 middle school students hostage with submachine guns. During the whole battle, no child was injured.
1983 In Tbilisi, the capital of the Republic of Georgia, terrorists detained 57 passengers on a TUI154 passenger plane. Alpha team took timely action to rescue all the hostages again, with no casualties. Three years later, in Ufa, Alpha Group took a similar action. There, one of the two terrorists was killed and the other was injured, and all the hostages were safe and sound.
1988, in the mine water city, several gunmen hijacked a big car and kidnapped 32 passengers-3 1 pupil and1female teacher. Alpha team rushed to the scene of the accident. They had a day and a night of hard negotiations with the gangsters by radio, and finally the gangsters automatically laid down their weapons and released all the hostages.
During the negotiation, many members of Alpha Group showed great courage and tenacity. This is because, in every operation, Alpha team often needs to negotiate with terrorists patiently and carefully to reduce the aggression of terrorists and prevent them from violence against hostages. Alpha team members have a unique set of tactics to negotiate with terrorists, and their rich combat experience and life experience enable them to accurately grasp the inner activities of criminals.
The battlefield is always the best place to test the special forces, and actual combat is also a wonderful means to temper the special forces' fighting will. The combat effectiveness of Russian special forces not only comes from capable players, first-class equipment and harsh training, but also depends on the accumulation of actual combat again and again. No matter in the conventional battlefields at home and abroad, or in some special battlefields such as anti-terrorism, Russian special forces have proved their value and ability to recruit with brilliant results.
1On July 29th, 974, yuri andropov, Chairman of the Soviet National Security Council, issued an order to set up Team A in the KGB system, which was a special force dedicated to fighting terrorism, and this was the predecessor of the later famous Alpha Special Force.
At the beginning of the establishment of Alpha Team, the selection of members can be described as "one in a million". After strict selection, the first group of Alpha team members, with less than 30 people, are all excellent young KGB officers, and they have all passed strict examinations before they can enter this most elite special force.
The new Alpha team belongs to the Federal Security Service. The uniqueness of this special operations force lies in:
First, perform special tasks.
Second, it has a unique organizational structure.
Third, politically, it is absolutely reliable.
Fourth, after special selection, training and professional training.
Fifth, it is directly subordinate to the highest administrative organ.
Sixth, the purpose of creation is to prepare for participating in conflicts and wars at any level.
The existence of Alpha Special Forces can be said to be closely related to national security and special operations. This unit was created in principle for small-scale special operations, and they are particularly good at battles without cover, concealment and local support. At that time, the National Security Council gave the Alpha team such a dead order: to form a special force capable of completing any task in a very short time.
Although the positioning is extremely high and the task is arduous, at the beginning of the formation of Alpha Special Forces, everything needs to start from scratch. There was no secret training base, no special weapons and equipment, and no systematic personnel training plan in the early days of the formation of Alpha Force. However, it is in this bad situation that the Alpha team completed the formation of troops in a very short time and quickly formed combat effectiveness. Then, in a series of actual combat, it established its own reputation. Russia has two "swords" to combat terrorist activities, one is the famous "Alpha" special forces, and the other is the "Signal Flag" special unit under the Federal Security Service. The biggest difference between the two is that the former is mainly engaged in anti-terrorism activities at home, while the latter is specialized in anti-subversion and warning Russia's goals abroad. Many people are familiar with "Alpha" because it has been disclosed in recent years and its actions have attracted people's attention. However, little is known about the "signal flag" special unit, because it is a mysterious super special unit since its establishment, rarely appears in public, and mostly acts outside Russia, so the "signal flag" unit has been covered with a mysterious veil. In recent days, many Russian newspapers and magazines have introduced the action information of this mysterious force, which gradually unveiled the mystery of the "signal flag".
Secret formation
In the 1970s and 1980s, the "Alpha" special forces of the former Soviet Union repeatedly made great achievements in the domestic anti-terrorism battlefield, which made the once rampant terrorists frightened and encouraged the former Soviet Union. In particular, the success of "Alpha" special forces in winning Amin Palace, the capital of Afghanistan, made the former Soviet Union feel the need to establish a special force to carry out special operations abroad. Soon after, with the development of the international struggle situation, the former Soviet Union decided to formally establish a special force specifically for overseas, which is now the "signal flag" special force. 198 1 09 On August 19, the Council of Ministers of the former Soviet Union and the former Soviet Communist Party the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a secret meeting to discuss the secret formation of a "top secret unit" within the KGB system, which was specially used to engage in spy activities abroad. Former supreme soviet of the ussr's decision was unanimously agreed by the delegates, and he entrusted the KGB "C" Bureau to set up special forces. The new special forces were named "Signal Flag" and were commanded by the heroic Major General ewald kozlov who attacked Amin Palace. Organizationally, the "signal flag" belongs to the KGB "C" bureau, that is, the overseas secret intelligence agency.
Except for a few people, no one knows the existence of the "signal flag" special forces. Its name is "KGB Independent Training Center of the former Soviet Union", and its army number is 35690, which was later changed to 5555. The "signal flag" special forces usually carry out activities in shifts, and in the battle, they act collectively. The number of students in each class varies from 10 to 30. When the situation is urgent or necessary, several classes can quickly unite to form greater strength.
The selection of "signal flag" players is very strict. Not only must you be politically qualified, absolutely loyal to the motherland and the highest instructions of China, but you must also have excellent professional quality, physical quality and psychological quality, and be familiar with the customs of a country. For the candidate, the first thing is to investigate his file and then interview him. Candidates who meet the requirements are reported to the KGB leaders for approval. Then there are two months of trial training and exams. After passing the exam, these candidates were officially hired and became a member of the "signal flag" special forces. By the beginning of 199 1, the number of "signal flag" special forces had grown to 1200, of which 90% were officers, and soldiers and warrant officers could only serve in the security detachment. Due to the tight time, the first team members of the "Signal Flag" were first selected from the "Zenith" and "Waterfall" special forces. In the future, we will mainly select outstanding graduates from state security organs, airborne troops, border guards and intermediate military academies. The age limit is 22-27 years old, and generally only one candidate can be selected from 15-20 candidates. He will retire at the age of 35, with only 10 years of service before and after, and the first five years are mainly used for training.
Another important condition for selecting members of the "signal flag" special forces is foreign language knowledge. The average candidate should know two foreign languages. Among them, to master a foreign language, a second foreign language should be able to translate written materials with the help of a dictionary.
The members of the "signal flag" special forces are all "Superman", all of whom are brave and good at fighting, which is mainly the result of strict training. After being selected as the "signal flag", all team members should re-conduct basic education and training, special education and training and professional skills training. Although the members of the "signal flag" have received higher education, they must undergo long-term training to become "professional members of the secret war."
Training subjects include general physical training, unarmed combat, shooting training, driving, mine blasting, using radio, squad tactics, reconnaissance, airborne, rock climbing, swimming, medical rescue and so on. The above skills can only be fully mastered through four training stages called "purgatory".
The first stage is the basic training stage. The team members were armed to the teeth and marched10-15km in cross-country emergency, crossing vast virgin forests and swamp areas, and were asked to crawl in muddy water full of carrion, water snakes, pickets and traps. At this time, players are required to overcome their extreme fears and be careful everywhere to prevent them from falling into preset traps, thus losing the opportunity to continue training.