How to embody humanistic spirit in Chinese classroom teaching
It can be seen that the humanity in Chinese education has attracted more and more attention from educators. Combined with my teaching practice in recent ten years, talk about my views. Traditional Chinese teaching unilaterally emphasizes the systematization and consolidation of knowledge, while ignoring the process, methods and the cultivation of students' emotional attitudes and values. The tedious analysis and mechanical exercises fill the whole teaching classroom, which is not conducive to the formation of basic Chinese ability, but also weakens humanistic education and greatly weakens the function of Chinese education. Modern educators believe that the humanity of Chinese education is mainly embodied in "people-oriented", paying attention to people's natural development and healthy growth of life, acknowledging individual differences, respecting healthy development of personality, attaching importance to emotional influence and respecting individual unique experience. Chinese teaching is to make people become people, and it is an education full of humanity, human feelings and humanity. In a relaxed and democratic environment, respect and awaken students' subjective consciousness, advocate and give play to students' subjectivity and creativity, establish people's concepts, pay attention to personality development, and emphasize respect, care and understanding. It can be seen that this requires teachers to strive to create a harmonious, harmonious and pleasant humanistic atmosphere in Chinese teaching, so that the process of Chinese learning becomes a process in which students display, express, cultivate and shape their personalities. Therefore, it is of great significance to advocate and implement humanistic exploration and infiltration in Chinese teaching, especially in classroom teaching. First, in classroom teaching, teachers should strive to create a good humanistic environment for students and make the classroom full of humanistic sunshine. The sunshine, rain and soil needed for the cultivation of humanistic spirit are the equal, tolerant and scientific teaching atmosphere created by teachers for the student camp. Teachers help students "relax" and advocate humanism in teaching, which is bound to break the "teacher-centered" and "authoritarianism" that have always existed in Chinese classes, and make teachers' position and role in Chinese courses change from indoctrination, conductor and trainer to negotiator, organizer and guide. However, advocating humanism can create spiritual communication between teachers and students, make students have a strong interest in learning, and urge teachers to pay more attention to the development of students' emotional attitudes and values while paying attention to their knowledge and ability. Paying attention to humanism will inevitably realize that students are first and foremost people, people influenced by human culture, people in life and people with their own unique personality, psychological characteristics and emotional experience. Therefore, in humanistic Chinese education, students' unique emotional experience will be respected, students' learning methods will be encouraged, and students will always be regarded as a capitalized "person". Second, in classroom teaching, teachers should fully tap the humanistic orientation of teaching materials and help students establish a correct outlook on life. Our nation has a long history and splendid culture. Since ancient times, Chinese educational circles have attached great importance to humanistic education. Mencius said: "Teach people to be good, that is, loyalty", and the famous educator Tao Xingzhi also said: "Teach thousands of people to seek truth; Learn from others and apply what you have learned ",all of which emphasize the humanity of Chinese teaching. "In Chinese teaching, the humanistic connotation is extremely rich, with vivid images, incisive truth and rich and noble emotions ... all shining with the wisdom and humanistic essence of our nation. The new curriculum standard also points out that humanistic education in Chinese class "should pay attention to edification and infection, and put these contents into daily teaching". Therefore, the compilation of teaching materials has undergone major reforms. The fourth grade experimental textbook of People's Education Press clearly points out the humanistic connotation of each unit in the reading guidance. As teachers, we should fully study the text and use the accumulated knowledge to better interpret the editor's intention. At the same time, combined with domestic and foreign forms, help students establish a correct outlook on life and values. Third, in classroom teaching, teachers should actively guide students to establish the subjective consciousness of learning and respect students' personality development. Under the guidance of the basic principle of Chinese teaching that "education must pay attention to people", we urgently need to pay attention to people's spirit and value, help each student to develop his personality and enhance his spirit, and urgently need to care for the development of students' lives from the height of humanity. In classroom teaching, teachers create a good humanistic environment, people-oriented, fully tap people's potential in all aspects, mobilize people's enthusiasm and initiative, cultivate people's personality, stimulate students' aura and enhance classroom vitality. Teachers should actively guide students to establish subjective consciousness in the learning process and respect students' personality development. Make students' personality further publicized and promoted. Pupils are curious, playful and unrestrained, because they have no fixed mode of thinking. They are all exploring the world in their own way, so they all have unique and distinctive personalities. In a word, in Chinese teaching, especially in classroom teaching, we should advocate and implement the exploration and infiltration of humanistic spirit, so that Chinese teaching can get out of the misunderstanding of "taking literature as the foundation". In the sound of reading, the humanistic thoughts contained in the text can be fully and incisively reflected, and Chinese teaching can be bathed in the brilliant sunshine of humanities and move forward healthily. In the current high school Chinese course experiment, the problem that bothers me most is how to make students learn classical Chinese well. I will take the following measures: Classical Chinese teaching is an extremely important part of Chinese teaching. The study of classical Chinese is helpful for students to understand the rich and splendid culture of ancient China, to educate students on patriotism, national pride and noble moral sentiments, and to engage in the research of ancient China's ideology, politics, military affairs, economy and culture in the future. There are many classical Chinese in the experimental Chinese textbook of compulsory education curriculum standard. How to teach classical Chinese well is a problem that every middle school Chinese teacher should seriously consider and study with great concentration. First, teachers should have a solid foundation in ancient Chinese. By ancient Chinese, we mean the written language of ancient Chinese in the pre-Qin ancient books and the language in the antique works of later writers, which is also commonly known as "classical Chinese". Compared with modern Chinese, ancient Chinese has both inheritance and development. Especially in terms of development, such as pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, writing and so on, there are obvious differences between ancient and modern times. Therefore, as a Chinese teacher, we should first read a lot of excellent classical Chinese works, and also systematically master some knowledge of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and writing of ancient Chinese, so as to master the teaching materials well and tell the students the contents of the teaching materials well. Second, cultivate students' interest in learning classical Chinese. " Interest is the best teacher. " To teach classical Chinese well, the most important thing is to make students interested in classical Chinese. We can stimulate students' enthusiasm for reading the original text through the film and television dramas they have seen, such as Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Water Margin and The Journey to the West. In particular, by stimulating them to read the simple vernacular novel Water Margin, then learn some short and easy-to-understand classical Chinese short stories, such as The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and then learn The Story of Yueyang Tower and Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang. Turn learning classical Chinese into students' active and conscious desire for action. Third, grasp several important links in the process of classical Chinese teaching. 1. Make good use of textbook notes and reference books, and read through the text. The classical Chinese in any text has notes, which, like crutches, can help students gradually master the methods of learning classical Chinese. When reading classical Chinese, we should know the source of the text, writing background, cultural common sense and the author's experience related to the text with the help of notes. Write down the sounds, shapes and meanings of words in your notes. Sometimes you should not only recite it, but also copy it in a notebook to deepen your impression. To guide students to learn classical Chinese, we must form the habit of using reference books. Using reference books is particularly important for learning classical Chinese. For example, the word "see" in "See Cattle and Sheep at the Wind" will be regarded by students as "see" in modern Chinese, not "present". If you don't look for reference books, students may not understand "time". Students can also refer to some classical Chinese translation books as materials to review and consolidate their knowledge, but don't rely too much on some classical Chinese translation books, especially don't read the translation in advance. Instead, we should repeatedly understand the meaning of words and sentences, then read through the whole text, and strive to read through the text before class, have a general concept, mark the words we don't understand, and listen carefully in class. 2. Teachers should try to avoid the traditional full-text teaching method, trust students and let them translate on the basis of preview. Teachers only do some difficult explanations. The first step is to let students read the text repeatedly and cultivate their sense of language in reading. Step two, students try to translate. Students can try to translate different paragraphs. The third step, the teacher dredges the literal meaning, which has different pronunciations and meanings in some common classical Chinese notional words and function words; Common words; Flexible use of parts of speech; Special sentence patterns help students summarize, compare and summarize. The fourth step, after reading through and being familiar with the full text, perceive the characters and themes of the text. Teachers should encourage students to express their opinions and express their views freely. 3. The most effective way to consolidate classical Chinese is to read it repeatedly and recite it skillfully. Most of the classical Chinese texts selected in the textbooks are short in length, beautiful in rhyme and strong in rhythm. Only by reading more books can we appreciate the beauty of articles. As the old saying goes, "Read it a hundred times, its meaning will show itself", and the review and consolidation of classical Chinese is vivid. 4, the expansion of classical Chinese reading teachers should encourage students to read a lot of classical Chinese works, not asking how much they can read, but asking for extensive reading. In extensive reading, students' classical Chinese reading ability is subtly improved. During the holidays, students are arranged to read Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West and classical Chinese works they are interested in, such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Historical Records, Comments on Ancient Chinese Literature, and Zi Tongzhi Jian. And do some reading notes and write some experiences to improve students' ability to analyze and appreciate classical Chinese. The times are developing and education is innovating.