Date of birth:18911kloc-0/8 (September 6th, 17th year of Guangxu reign).

Date of death:1July 25th, 946.

Native place: Huangtanyuan Village, Xixiang, Shexian County, Anhui Province

Family: father, Tao; Mother, Cao Cuixu; Sister, Wen Tao; His wife, Wang Chunyi, married after Wang died of illness; The eldest son, Tao Hongsheng; The second son Tao; Third son Tao Gang

Tao Xingzhi, China people's educator and democratic revolutionary. Formerly known as Wentuan, it was later renamed Zhixing and Xingzhi. 19 14 graduated from Jinling university and went to study in the United States. 19 17 returned to China as a professor and dean of educational affairs at Nanjing Normal University, opposing "following the old law and being foreign". Carry out civilian education.

After the May 4th Movement, he engaged in mass education and founded Xiaozhuang Normal School. 1in April, 930, the reactionary Kuomintang government forcibly closed Xiaozhuang school on the pretext of "collaborating with the enemy". Tao Xingzhi was wanted and forced to take temporary refuge in Japan. 193 1 in the spring of, Dow returned to Shanghai as a consultant of the comprehensive management office of Shenbao, which played a considerable role in the innovation of Shenbao at that time.

Since 1932, Shanhai Engineering Group, Early Education Group, Migrant Children Group, Mr. Xiao and China Universal Education Association have been established successively, and a universal education campaign of "spreading as soon as you know" has been launched. 1934 editor-in-chief of life education. In July, he officially announced that he would change his name from "Zhixing" to "Xingzhi".

After the September 18th Incident, Tao Xingzhi actively engaged in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. 1936 was elected as executive member and standing committee member of the National Salvation Federation. In July, Shen Junru, Zou Taofen and Zhang Naiqi jointly issued the Declaration of Unity against Aggression, and President Mao Zedong wrote back to express his support. Later, entrusted by the National Salvation Federation, he served as a national diplomatic envoy and visited 28 countries and regions in Europe, the United States, Asia and Africa to attend the seventh annual meeting of the World Peace Conference and the World New Education Conference.

1In August, 938, Dow returned to China and passed through Hong Kong, advocating the establishment of "Chinese Amateur School" to promote Hong Kong compatriots to go to the national disaster together.

From June 65438 to July 0939, a Yucai School was established for children in Gusheng Temple, near Chongqing, Sichuan, to train children with special talents. From 65438 to 0945, Tao Xingzhi was elected as the Standing Committee of the NLD Central Committee and the Chairman of the Education Committee. 1946 65438+ 10 In October, Tao Xingzhi founded a social university in Chongqing to promote democratic education.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Tao Xingzhi returned to Shanghai and immediately devoted himself to the struggle against dictatorship, democracy, civil war and peace. Democracy fighters Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by Kuomintang spies, and Tao Xingzhi was listed as the third person on the blacklist. While preparing for the sacrifice of "I'm waiting for the third shot", he continued to struggle until death do us part and always stood at the forefront of the democratic movement. 1946 died of cerebral hemorrhage on July 25th at the age of 55.

Learn from Tao Xingzhi

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Tao Xingzhi is a great educator of the people.

Tao Xingzhi has the highest moral cultivation, and he has the highest ideals. He critically absorbed the advanced western educational theories, created a set of educational theories that conformed to China's national conditions, and put them into practice with the greatest courage, and made great achievements. His morality, cultivation and theory are all worth learning and inheriting.

Tao Xingzhi is a strong democracy fighter.

After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the broad masses of people demanded peace and opposed civil war. Tao Xingzhi joined the China Democratic League and served as a member of the NLD Central Committee. He fought resolutely against the Kuomintang reactionaries for democracy and peace. Li Gongpu, a famous democrat and scholar, and Wen Yiduo, a poet, were shot dead by Chiang Kai-shek. It is reported that Tao Xingzhi has been listed in hit list. Tao said, "I'm waiting for the third shot" and died of fatigue and anger. Prior to this, from 1936 to 1938, Tao Xingzhi traveled around 26 countries, attended various international conferences, publicized various anti-Japanese ideas, and made great contributions.

Tao Xingzhi is a poet.

The characteristic of Tao Xingzhi's poems is popularization. His poems are written for the public. He said that only his mother (an uneducated old man) can understand them. Many of his poems are based on songs, such as Hoe, Sickle and Long Songs.

● Life education

Life is education and society is school.

Tao Xingzhi said that "life is education", which means what kind of life is what kind of education.

1, a healthy life is a healthy education, and an unhealthy life is an unhealthy education.

2. Life with labor is education with labor, and life without labor is education without labor.

3. Scientific life is scientific education, and unscientific life is unscientific education.

4. Art life is art education.

5. It is to transform social life or social education.

First of all, we must understand: "Life education is an education that meets the needs of life, not an artificial education that has nothing to do with people."

● Understanding

There are two ways for people to receive education-one is book knowledge (indirect, including listening), and the other is direct, that is, from practice. Life education includes these two parts and does not exclude reading life. Tao Xingzhi said that "life is education" is a big concept. The so-called "life", Tao Xingzhi said, life is the activity of living things in an environment. Therefore, it can be said that all activities are life, and education is also life.

On "Life is Education" and "Education is Life"

Life education is a general concept of all Mr. Tao's theories, so he explained it more than once.

The concept of "life education" was put forward by Tao teacher Dewey, but its meaning is completely different. Dewey put forward that "education is life", but Mr. Tao changed it to "life is education". Tao Xingzhi advocates that life is education, while opposing education is life. He said, "life is education, which means putting a bird in the Woods;" Education is life, that is, putting birds in cages. "

"Life is education" is from books to life.

● Integration of teaching and learning.

"Integration of teaching and doing" is the motto of Xiaozhuang Normal School and an outstanding creation of Mr. Tao.

Establish "integration of teaching and learning"

1. After returning to China, Tao Xingzhi saw the situation that teachers only discipline and students only receive education in domestic schools, and he decided that it was necessary to reform education in China. At that time, he advocated replacing "teaching method" with "teaching method".

2. The debate at the school affairs meeting of Nanjing Normal University was fruitless for two hours.

3. When the May 4th Movement broke out, Mr. Tao published the article "Learning from Teaching", which influenced the reform of teaching methods in colleges and universities in Nanjing.

4. Two years later, the theory of teaching and doing was established, and it was finally determined that teaching and doing were integrated and centered on doing.

● Compare "teaching method" and "teaching method"

The concept of "teaching, learning and doing in one" is first from teaching to teaching students, and then to teaching students to learn (more actively), connecting with their own knowledge and putting it into practice.

Past education, present education and future education

Doing is the beginning of knowing, and knowing is the achievement of doing.

2. Education is the foundation of the country.

3. Do a great event in life, do a great event.

4. Teach thousands of religions and seek truth; Learn from thousands of things and learn to be a real person.

Instead of giving students some fragmentary knowledge like Tianjin ducks, it is better to give them some keys so that they can automatically develop the treasure house of culture and the treasure house of the universe.

6. Real education is a kind of heart-to-heart activity. Only from the heart can we touch the depths of the soul.

7. If farmers don't pay attention to teachers, farmers will go bankrupt; If the work is not heavy for the teacher, the work will be rough; If people don't pay attention to their teachers, the country will not be rich and strong; Without paying attention to teachers, the world can't be peaceful.

8, the so-called sound personality must include:

First, private morality is the foundation of the foundation, and public morality is the foundation of serving the society and the country.

Second, the knowledge and skills necessary for life.

Third, a strong and lively body.

Fourth, the feeling and joy of beauty.

9. Working with hands and brain is the beginning of creative education; Both hands and brain are the purpose of creative education.

10, the main purpose of rural normal schools is to cultivate farmers' skills, scientific minds and teachers who transform social spirit.

1 1. Living rural education should teach people the benefits of life. He should turn barren hills into forests and wasteland into grains. He taught everyone to be self-reliant, independent and self-defensive. He wants to turn the countryside into a paradise in the west, and all the villagers will become happy living gods.

12, if you want to be self-reliant, you must have the courage to amplify the experimental spirit into new theories that have not yet been invented; I am not afraid of hard work, fatigue, obstacles and failure, and I am bent on discovering the mysterious new principles of education.

13. Teaching is one thing, not three. We should teach while doing, and go to school while doing. Without hard work, teaching will not become teaching, and learning will not become learning.

14, education and knowledge should be turned into air, which will pervade the universe, wash it away, and make all beings have breath.

15, break and make up. Wash it when it is dirty. Diligence is humility. Chaos is the reason. Pay the debt immediately. Disease is the cure. Change it after it. Good is happiness. Think about it when you do it. Tired is rest. Write back immediately. The account is recorded.

Teaching and educating people:

1. "Mr. Wang shouldn't specialize in teaching, his responsibility is to teach people to be human; Students should not specialize in reading, his responsibility is to learn the way of life. "

-Tao Xingzhi

2. "In the hands of teachers, the fate of teenagers is the fate of the nation and mankind."

-Tao Xingzhi

3. "Because morality is the foundation of being a man. If you are bad at all, even if you have some knowledge and skills, it is useless. "

-Tao Xingzhi

4. "The teacher's duty is to teach thousands of religions and teach people to seek truth"; The orientation of students is' learning everything and learning to be a man'. "

-Tao Xingzhi

5. "Wisdom, benevolence and courage are important spiritual heritages of China. In the past, it was considered as the' goddess of the world', and today, it is still an important symbol of personal perfect development. "

"1% waste in education will cause serious losses to the country."

7. There is Watt under your pointer, Newton in your cold eyes and Edison in your ridicule. Don't be too busy driving them away. You don't have to wait to sit on the steamboat, light a lamp and finish calculus before you realize that they are your pupils.

-Tao Xingzhi

8. If life, work and study can be automated, the effect of education will get twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, we pay special attention to the cultivation of automatic power, so that it can pay attention to all life, work and study. Automation is conscious action, not spontaneous action. Conscious action needs proper cultivation to be realized.

-Tao Xingzhi

Being a teacher:

1. Students should be eager to learn. Only a gentleman who never tires of learning can teach students who never tire of learning.

-Tao Xingzhi

2. What students are required to do, teachers and staff do together; Students are required to learn knowledge, and teachers and staff are required to study together; Students are required to abide by the rules, and teachers and staff should abide by the rules together.

-Tao Xingzhi

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude:

1. Educating people is the same as planting trees. First of all, we should understand the characteristics of flowers and trees, and give fertilization, watering and training education according to different situations. This is called "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude".

-Tao Xingzhi

People, like trees, should strive to make them grow as tall as possible, instead of being forced to grow as tall. On the contrary, they should strive for equality on their footing and freedom at the forefront.

Teaching methods:

1. Living talent education is not to instill knowledge, but to give students as many keys as we know to develop cultural treasures.

-Tao Xingzhi

2. We want to live books, not dead books; Real books, not fake books; Books that need to be moved are not static books; Use books, don't read them. Generally speaking, we should be guided by life-centered teaching, not text-centered textbooks.

-Tao Xingzhi

3. A good teacher is not teaching, not teaching students, but teaching students to learn.

-Tao Xingzhi

Successful education:

1. You have Watt under your pointer, Newton in your cold eyes, and Edison in your ridicule. Don't be too busy driving them away. You don't have to wait to sit on the steamboat, light a lamp and finish calculus before you realize that they are your pupils.

-Tao Xingzhi

Heuristic teaching:

1. Two different tendencies should be prevented in education: one is to completely eliminate the boundary between teaching and learning and deny the wrong tendency of teachers' leading role; The other is the wrong tendency of only disciplining, not asking students' interests and not paying attention to the questions raised by students. The former tendency must be to go with the flow without a plan; The latter tendency is bound to indoctrinate students into roast ducks.

-Tao Xingzhi

Education can't create anything, but it can stimulate children's creativity and engage in creative work.

-Tao Xingzhi

Innovation and practice:

1. We find that children are creative. When we know that children are creative, we should further emancipate their creativity.

-Tao Xingzhi

2. The common problem of education in China is that people who teach brains don't use their hands, and those who don't use their hands use their brains, so they can't do anything. The countermeasure of China's educational revolution is the alliance of hands and brains, and as a result, the strength of hands and brains can be incredible.

-Tao Xingzhi

3. Emancipate children's thoughts, hands, feet, space and time, so that they can fully live a free life and get a real education from it.

-Tao Xingzhi

Both hands and brain are the purpose of creative education. The countermeasure of China's educational revolution is to unite hands and brains.

-Tao Xingzhi

Promoting sex education:

1. If life, work and study can be automated, the effect of education will be twice as effective. Therefore, we pay special attention to the cultivation of automatic power, so that it can pay attention to all life, work and study. Automation is conscious action, not spontaneous action. Conscious action needs proper cultivation to be realized.

-Tao Xingzhi

2. Collective life is an important driving force for children's self-development towards socialization; It is necessary for the normal psychological development of children. A child who does not get this normal development may end up in tragedy.

-Tao Xingzhi

3. Improve personal morality and build a "Great Wall of Personality". From the perfection of private morality to the expansion of the utility of public morality, seeking benefits for the collective. ...

-Tao Xingzhi