There are mainly algorithms and heuristics to solve problems. Heuristics include means-purpose analysis, reverse reasoning, mountain climbing and so on. This knowledge point often appears in the form of multiple-choice questions and true-false questions in Hunan teacher recruitment examinations. Generally, the concept and its understanding are investigated, but it is found that people often confuse means-purpose analysis with mountain climbing. So, let me explain here to help prepare for the exam.

Comparison of the concepts of 1.

Means-purpose analysis is to have a goal (purpose) first, which is different from the current state. When people realize this difference, they must find ways to take activities (means) to reduce this difference.

Mountain climbing method means that after evaluating the current problem state, the difference between this state and the target state is increased because of the conditions, and the overall goal of solving the problem is finally achieved through circuitous progress. Just like climbing a mountain, in order to reach the top of the mountain, sometimes you have to go to the short top of the mountain and then get down, so that you can climb over the top of the mountain until you finally reach the top.

2. Example comparison

Means-purpose analysis method:

We are on the campus of the university, and our goal is to go to the railway station. Let's think about the difference between a school and a train. This difference is mainly the difference in distance, which is about 10 km.

Then we think about what operational means to shorten this spatial distance. We can go by bus or taxi, or by bike.

If there is a lot of luggage and time is tight, we decide to take a taxi, but the next step is to consider how to take a taxi. Is there another one from here? Want to shorten this? Distance? First decide whether to take a taxi to the dormitory or walk to the school gate.

What does it mean? The core of objective analysis method is to decompose a complex problem into several simple sub-problems. The main points are as follows:

(1) Compare the initial state with the target state and ask the first sub-question: How to narrow the gap between them?

(2) Find out the methods and operations to narrow the gap.

(3) If the implementation conditions of the proposed method are not mature enough, the second sub-question is raised: How to create conditions?

(4) Put forward the methods and operations of creating conditions.

(5) If the implementation conditions of the method proposed in (4) are not mature, the third sub-question is put forward. How to create conditions? Go on and on until the problem is solved.

Mountain climbing method:

When climbing from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, it is impossible to climb to the top of the mountain at once. It is necessary to cut in between the foot of the mountain and the top of the mountain and set a small climbing goal. If the small goals such as the garden and the cableway farmhouse are from low to high, climb to the orchard first, then climb to the cableway, then climb to the farmhouse and finally reach the top of the mountain.

The difference between mountain climbing method and means-purpose analysis strategy is that it emphasizes the order of each step.

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