Books that ancient people taught children to read.
Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty
Liu Xiang's commandment books and letters
Tell sheen, there is no sudden:
If there is no different Germany, I will be grateful. How will I repay it? There is a cloud in Dongsheng: The person hanging up is at the door, and the person greeting is at the door. If you are worried, you will be afraid to respect things. If you respect things, you will have good deeds and happiness. Say it again: Say hello at the door, hang it at the door. If you are blessed, you will be arrogant, and if you are arrogant, you will suffer, so come with me. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Qi Qing despised his officials because of the bully, and his reputation was ruined, so he was killed by a saddle. The so-called welcome at the door, the door guest at the door, defeat, go in are hanged. They dare not start over, the people love them, and the princes are captured by them. What is the so-called? The person hanging up is at the door, and the person greeting is at the door. Yes If you are young today, you should be the assistant minister of Huangmen. Thank you for your new worship. You kowtow, you tremble, but you don't.
Translation of letters from home
Be careful, Liu Xin. Don't ignore my following remarks: You have no special virtue, but you are generous and highly valued by the court. What can you repay? Dong Zhongshu said: When the current mourners came to the door, the people who came to congratulate the wedding had actually arrived in the alley. ? In other words, when people encounter difficulties, they will act cautiously and diligently with awe. If they act cautiously and diligently, they will certainly reap good merits and benefits, and then happiness will follow. He added:? The person who congratulated arrived at the door, but the person who comforted had actually arrived in the alley. ? It is said that people who enjoy happiness tend to be arrogant, and pride brings disaster from the conference, so those who comfort come from behind.
When Qi Qinggong (the monarch of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period) was in power, with the help of his grandfather, he despised his ministers and the envoy of Jin, Ke, and suffered a great defeat in the war. He temporarily changed his costume and fled. so this is it？ When the person who congratulated arrived at the door, the person who comforted had actually arrived in the alley? The truth. After Qi Qinggong's defeat, people came to comfort him. After that, he dared not turn over a new leaf and was loved by the people. The governors also returned to him the cities that had invaded Qi before. That's it? When undertaker came to the door, the person who congratulated the wedding had actually arrived in the alley? The truth. Now you have got the position of assistant minister of Huangmen at an early age, which is a prominent position. Others come to congratulate you on your new position, and many people with status kowtow to you. You should be careful and tread on thin ice, so as not to cause great disaster.
family background
Liu Xiang (about 77 BC? In the 6th year BC, the famous Confucian classics, bibliographers and writers in the Western Han Dynasty were ordered to inspect the Royal Library and wrote the earliest bibliography book Bielu in China. Liu Xiang's greatest literary achievement is to compile the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu and the works of Dong Fangshuo, Zhuang Ji and Wang Bo who inherited and imitated Qu Yuan and Song Yu in the Han Dynasty into a collection named Songs of the South.
Liu Xin, the youngest son of Liu Xiang, was also a famous Confucian scholar, bibliographer and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, and was the real pioneer of Confucian classics in the Western Han Dynasty. The above article is a letter written by Liu Xiang to Liu Xin. At that time, Liu Xin was appointed assistant minister of Huangmen. Liu Xiang wrote to warn him and encouraged him to be vigilant and respectful, and not to be arrogant and slack.
Reading letters from home
Liu Xiang experienced three strikes and three outs in three dynasties. He warned his youngest son in a prominent position to be especially low-key and respectful, and to be more cautious. In order to enhance persuasiveness, he used two channels:
One is to quote celebrities to preach. Dong Zhongshu is a great scholar and a predecessor of Liu Xiang. He quoted Dong's? The person hanging up is at the door, and the person greeting is at the door. And then what? Say hello at the door, hang it at the door. Dialectical relationship, warning son not to be arrogant, but to be conscientious, modest and eager to learn, so as to achieve something. On the contrary, overjoyed, hubris is inevitable. In this regard, Liu Xiang himself has personal experience. Born in a royal family, Liu Xiang was the fourth grandson of Liu Jiao, the younger brother of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, and served as Zong Zheng in Yuan Di. Say hello at the door? . But because of his opposition to imprisoning eunuchs Gong Hong and Shixian, he was exempted from being Shu Ren. What is the executioner doing? . After the emperor ascended the throne, he had to use it again. Dr. Ren Guanglu, Guan Zhizhongji, and? What's the greeting? .
The second is to borrow the historical figure Qi Qinggong to prove: Qi Qinggong was once? Bullying others, despising princes, and losing face? And the result? Killed by a saddle, fleeing? To prove it? Blessed is arrogant, and arrogance is a disaster. . Draw lessons from the defeat of the defeated division. Afraid to turn over a new leaf, the people love it, and the princes are all taken by it? To prove it? Worry leads to fear and respect for things, and respect leads to good deeds and blessings? .
Liu Xiang's adopted son should be said to be successful: his three sons are all very talented: the eldest son, Liu Ji, is a professor of Yi Studies and a magistrate in the county; Neutron Liu Ci, official Ren Jiuqing Cheng; Liu Xin, the youngest son, was a famous scholar in the late Western Han Dynasty. Liu Xin's stepfather's business is collecting six art books. Distinguishing chapters, examining the origin of mirrors? This is China's first book catalogue and classified works. The Seven Laws divides the recorded books into six categories, 38 kinds, 603 volumes, 132 19 volumes. Among them, adding a preface to each category, explaining its academic origin and category meaning, not only greatly promoted the academic development at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact on later bibliography, becoming a model of China's catalogue books. Liu Xin also studied astronomical calendars and mathematics, and his "Three Calendars" is considered as the embryonic form of the earliest astronomical calendar in the world. In the history of astronomy in China, Li San was the first to put forward the calculation method of star overage, and he was also the first astronomer in ancient China to put forward a close to correct solar eclipse cycle, so he was respected and admired by future generations. Zhang Taiyan said that the greatest figure after Confucius was Liu Xin. Gu Jiegang's name is Liu Xin? A great man in academia? .
Dong Fangshuo
Dong Fangshuo's book of commandments
The wise man is in the world, and he is in the middle; You are comfortable, you follow the path. The first Yang is clumsy, and the column is a work; Eat well and safely, and replace agriculture with officials; Now is not a good time to live in seclusion and play the world. Only when you are in danger can you have a good reputation A group of people are tired and lonely. There's not much left, and there's not much left. The way of saints, the way of dragons and snakes; Show hidden gods and change things; There is no home at any time.
Translation of letters from home
Smart people will choose the middle way when dealing with the world. The freedom of life is because he conforms to the mean. Boyi and Shu Qi, people who would rather die than eat Zhou Su, are a little clumsy in dealing with the world, while Lao Tzu's attitude is skillful. Eat full all day, and walk slowly and easily. It does not value being an official, but only regards being an official as a substitute for farming. Stand in court like a hermit, don't take others seriously. If you don't do something inappropriate, you won't get hurt. Sharp-edged, there will be danger; If you have a good reputation, you can have a good result. If you want to win everyone's support, you will live very tired; If you want to stand out from the crowd, you will lose the group. There is room for everything and nothing is lacking; If you want to do everything thoroughly, you will soon fail. Therefore, the sage's way, sometimes like Long Xiang, shows the sky; Sometimes it just disappears like a snake. The change of dragons and snakes is unfathomable. It changes with everything and time, and there is no fixed method.
family background
Dong Fangshuo (BC 154-93) was a famous writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty acceded to the throne and recruited wise men. Dong Fangshuo wrote a letter of recommendation and worshipped him as A Lang. Later, he served as an assistant minister and doctor in Taizhong. Dong Fangshuo is witty, witty and funny. Sima Qian called him in Historical Records? Funny hero? . Dong Fangshuo is a famous ci writers. He has created many works in his life, including Feng Taishan, Hehe Shi Bi and the Book of Commandments. , collected by Zhang Qian in the Ming Dynasty in 103 episodes of Records of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Xiahou Zhan, a native of Jin Dynasty, wrote On Dong Fangshuo's Painting, praising Dong Fangshuo's integrity and his wisdom and humor. Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, wrote this article as a monument. This monument is still preserved in Lingxian County, and it is called "Yanzi Monument".
Famous sayings of ancient people in educating children
1, the teacher teaches, the apprentice is the rule. Wen Gong gave up on himself and was miserable. When you see the good, follow it, and when you smell the just, accept it. Be gentle and filial, not arrogant and impetuous. If it is not false evil, it is positive. If you live regularly, you will have virtue. The color is neat and the center is required. Stay awake at night and be sure to wear clothes. Learn at dusk, be careful. This kind of incomprehension is the principle of learning. "pipe? Disciple paste
2. The way of university, mingde, people-friendly, perfect. Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be quiet, then he can be safe, then he can think about it, and then he can get it. Things have a beginning and an end, and things have a beginning and an end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.
Those who want to be obviously superior to the world in ancient times should rule their country first, and those who want to rule their country should rule their home first; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; To be sincere, you must know first, and you must know the style. Everyone knows everything, everyone knows it and is sincere, sincere and upright, upright and upright, well-trained and well-groomed, well-groomed and well-governed, well-groomed and well-governed. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation. If the end of the treatment is messed up, it won't work. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and there is nothing. This is called knowing it, and this is called knowing it. "University"
3. Destiny is nature, truth is truth, and cultivation is teaching. Tao can't be separated for a moment, and non-Tao can be separated. So a gentleman is wary of what he can't see, and fear is almost unheard of. Don't be invisible, don't be subtle, so a gentleman is cautious. Emotions are not expressed, but expressed in the middle of festivals. If you are in the middle, you are the biggest in the world; He who is in harmony is also in the world. Neutrality, the position of heaven, the education of all things. doctrine of the mean
4. Zhong Ni said: A gentleman is gentle, but a villain is gentle. Gentleman's doctrine of the mean, gentleman and time; A villain is mean, and a villain will do whatever it takes.
Confucius said: Enough is enough! People rarely last long.
Confucius said: I know I can't. The knower goes over it, but the fool doesn't. The road is unknown, I know it. The sage has passed it, and the unscrupulous person is inferior to it. People seldom know the taste after eating and drinking.
Confucius said: it is useless to say it. doctrine of the mean
5. Confucius said: the road is not far away from people, and people are far away for the road, not for the road. Shi Yun: Wako Wako is not far away. There is still a long way to go to beat Ke. Therefore, a gentleman rules people by man, and that's it. Loyalty and forgiveness are not far from breaking the law. Do as you would be done by. doctrine of the mean
6, the gentleman is in his place, not exceeding the moment. If you are rich, you will be rich, if you are poor, you will be poor, if you are barbarians, you will be barbarians, and if you are in adversity, you will be in adversity. A gentleman is not complacent. In the upper position, there is no resentment, and in the lower position, there is no resentment and no resentment. Therefore, a gentleman is easy to live in, and a villain is desperate and lucky. Confucius said: shoot like a gentleman, lose its power and seek its body. doctrine of the mean
7. Sincere and sincere, I don't know what is good, and my heart is not sincere. Honest, heaven also; Honest people, people's way is also. Honest people don't want to go in, but don't think about it, calm and wise. Those who are sincere choose good and stubborn. Be knowledgeable, interrogate, think carefully, distinguish clearly and persist. If you learn, you can learn from it. If you ask a question, you will know what to do. If a person can do it, he will have a hundred; if a person can do it ten times, he will have a thousand. Can do this, stupid is wise, soft is strong.
Self-honesty is nature; Self-knowledge and sincerity are called teaching. Sincerity is clear, and clarity is sincere.
Only by being sincere in the world can we do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, do our best, praise the teaching of heaven and earth, and do amazing things. doctrine of the mean
8, or born to know, or learn to know, or trapped to know, and know it. Do it safely, profitably or reluctantly, and you will succeed. Confucius said:? Learning is close to knowledge, doing is close to benevolence, and knowing shame is close to courage. ? Knowing the three, you will know why you practice. If you know why you cultivate yourself, you will know why you treat people. If you govern the people, you will know why you govern the country. doctrine of the mean
9. Everything is ready, and nothing is ready. Make rules before speaking, make rules before doing, make rules before doing, and make rules before doing. doctrine of the mean
10, great! The sage's way is grand! The development of everything is extremely steep in the sky. Yo-yo Etiquette 300, dignity 3000. Treat others and do it. Therefore, there is no way without virtue. Therefore, a gentleman respects morality and seeks knowledge. Both broad and subtle. Very clear and gentle. Review the old and learn the new, with trepidation. Not arrogant and impetuous in the former residence, but not inferior; There are state-owned roads, and their words are enough to prosper the country; There is nothing the country can do. Silence is enough. The poem says:? Be smart and protect yourself. ? This is called peace! doctrine of the mean
The story of the ancients educating their children
During the ancient Warring States Period, there was a famous general in Chu State. His name is Zifa. On one occasion, due to the needs of the national situation, he led troops to fight with Qin. The two sides fought fiercely for a long time, and Chu's frontline armaments were tight. In desperation, Zifa sent someone to the king of Chu for emergency.
Before the Commissioner left, Zifang specially asked him to visit his old mother. The old man is very concerned about the war ahead and asks when he sees someone coming. What happened to the soldiers? The Commissioner replied. At present, only a few beans support our lives, so we have to share them one by one. Where is your general? The old lady asked. The Ombudsman thought, alas, what a thousand miles of sorrow! So he told the truth without thinking:? You don't have to worry about the general's life Every meal has meat and rice. He is in good health! ?
Soon, Qi Fa came back with a victorious army. Instead of bringing anyone to celebrate, his mother closed the door and wouldn't let him in. Not only that, but the old mother also sent someone to accuse Zifa: You let the soldiers fight on an empty stomach, but you ate and drank well yourself. This is not due to your great growth. When Gou Jian, the king of Yue, crusaded against Wu, someone once offered him an altar of wine, but the king of Yue sent someone to pour the wine in the upper reaches of the river and let the soldiers drink it together in the lower reaches. Why is this? Although everyone did not taste the mellow wine, it inspired the morale of the whole army and greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the troops. In the great war, your life is closely linked with the soldiers. Because of your selfish behavior, you won the battle by luck this time. How to win the battle next time . ?
Zifa's mother also criticized him, saying: on the battlefield, what soldiers need most is morale, but your selfish behavior has disappointed your mother. The soldiers didn't complain about you because they didn't have the courage. I'm here to speak for the soldiers. You are not my son, don't come into my house again! ?
Zifa felt very ashamed after listening to her mother's criticism, admitted her mistake to her mother and promised to correct it resolutely in the future. This was forgiven by the old man and he entered the house.
Zifa's mother has a just, loving and kind heart. She is a strict mother, but her heart will always be filled with thousands of people from the country and Qian Qian? Son? . She didn't show off because of her son's efforts; Instead, you will love your heart and broad mind? Planting? Pass it on in the son's heart, which is the greatest success of education.
Saint Amethyst has a few words: Is it father's fault to raise or not to teach? ,? Jade is uncut, abrasive? . On the road of children's growth, parents play a key role in education and guidance. Spoiling is a kind of connivance, or connivance, which can only encourage children's bad habits and behaviors and eventually go astray. Don't always feel that children are wronged. Please put yourself in others' shoes. Whose child is not a child?
The ancients still did, but what about us? Carefully build a greenhouse for children and let them grow up in the greenhouse. He only saw rich material. Did they see your efforts? Do they know that today's happy life is hard to come by? If you don't know, how can you cherish it? Please think about it sullenly. The educational experience of the ancients is not out of date, but you need to discover it carefully.
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