1, its chief minister is equivalent to a minister, and its deputy chief assistant minister is equivalent to a deputy minister; The director of each department is called Langzhong, which is equivalent to the director, and the deputy director is called Yuanwailang, which is equivalent to the CPC. As for the headmaster, his power and status are higher than that of the director.
Formal department: equivalent to the personnel department of the organization department.
Ministry of War: equivalent to Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Communications (by post), Military Commission and other departments.
The Ministry of Punishment and Dali Temple: equivalent to the Supreme Court, the Supreme Procuratorate, the Ministry of Justice and other departments.
Ritual department: equivalent to the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Culture, Propaganda Department and other departments.
Household Department: equivalent to Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Audit Office, People's Bank of China (Mint), State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China and other departments.
Ministry of Industry: equivalent to Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Water Resources and other departments.
Diange University: In terms of number and status, it is equivalent to the current Politburo Standing Committee, because these university students are generally ministers of military affairs or ministers of history and commanders-in-chief, and they are all independent figures. Generally speaking, there are six college students in the three halls and three pavilions (Baohe Hall, Wuying Hall, Wenhua Hall, Tijen Pavilion, Wenyuan Pavilion and Dongge Pavilion), all of whom will be vacant until retirement (retirement). Unless the person is dismissed or dies, they will be replaced by the co-organizer. Co-sponsoring a college student is equivalent to becoming a candidate for the Politburo.
A minister in charge of guards, ministers, etc. As far as rank is concerned, there seems to be no such high bodyguard officer now; Functionally, it can be equivalent to the Central Guard Corps.
Duchayuan: equivalent to the Ministry of Supervision.
Fan Liyuan: It is equivalent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (diplomacy before the late Qing Dynasty generally refers to the management of Mongolian ministries, Tibet, Xinjiang, Russia, Japan, North Korea, Vietnam, etc.).
Hanlin Academy: China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Social Sciences equivalent to the Central Party School.
Imperial academy: It is equivalent to the complex of Tsinghua University and Peking University, and has the functions of the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Shuntianfu: It is equivalent to Beijing.
Infantry Command: It is equivalent to the functions of Beijing Garrison and Public Security Department.
Ministry of Interior: An institution serving the royal family, which can be understood as the current the State Council General Office and other departments.
Governor: The military function is equivalent to the regional secretary in the early days of liberation.
Governor: equivalent to today's provincial party secretary and governor.
Garrison general: equivalent to the current garrison commander.
Military affairs in all provinces: Generally speaking, the rank of military attache in Qing Dynasty has been greatly improved compared with previous dynasties.
Prefect: the highest military officer of a province, equivalent to the current commander of the provincial military region.
Company commander: it is equivalent to the commander or commander of today's military division, and the towns under its jurisdiction are equivalent to today's military division.
Captain: equivalent to the deputy commander.
Participation: equivalent to a teacher.
Guerrilla: equivalent to a deputy division commander or brigade commander.
Chiefs and garrisons: equivalent to regimental level.
Thousands of cases: equivalent to battalion level.
Ba zong: it is equivalent to a positive company.
General Manager of Subcontractor: equivalent to vice company level.
General manager of outsourcing: equivalent to positive ranking.
Additional outsourcing: equivalent to the level of deputy platoon.
The governors of the Qing Dynasty were all local officials, also known as government officials. The difference is as follows.
The governor's jurisdiction or region (e.g. Hedong, Hedong, and Grain Field). ), Guangdong, Guangxi and Huguang are different jurisdictions.
2. Managers
Positive binary product. The minister of war is a subordinate product, and the person who adds the bachelor's title is genuine. Jurisdiction over one to three provinces. In the Qing dynasty, the governor was also the right capital of the empire, adding the title of minister of war. There are eight governors in China, including the governors of three northeastern provinces in the late Qing Dynasty and the governors of river transportation. The world calls it "Taiwan control" and "arms control". As a senior official, he is in charge of the military and political power of one province or two or three provinces. In the Qing Dynasty, there were Zhili, Liangjiang, Fujian, Zhejiang and Huguang. Eight governors of Shaanxi-Gansu, Guangdong-Guangxi, Yunnan-Guizhou and Sichuan. Among them, the governor of Zhili is directly responsible for the security of the capital, and its position is more important than other governors; The Governor of Liangjiang is in charge of the military and political power in Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Governor Huguang holds the military and political power in Hubei and Hunan provinces; The governor of Fujian and Zhejiang holds the military and political power of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces; The governor of Guangdong and Guangxi is in charge of the military and political power in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces; Governor Yungui is in charge of Yunnan. Military and political power in Guizhou province; The governor of Shaanxi and Gansu is in charge of the military and political power in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces; The governor of Sichuan is in charge of the military and political affairs of a province in Sichuan.
3. Managers
In order to be a high official and take charge of the military and political power of a province, it is generally controlled by the governor. For example, he is also the right assistant of Douchayuan, and he is the assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Inspection of local officials in the province. The province's tariffs, water administration, etc. The governor is always in charge. If there is a fight, supervise the salary. After obtaining the township examination every year, the governor invigilates and the Ministry of Military Affairs is the examiner. The provincial governors, like the governors, have their own barracks directly under them, which are called "Fu Biao". There are many governors and magistrates, who control the commanders of the towns in this province. Its authority is slightly inferior to that of the governor, and there is no province without a governor, so the governor and the governor are local officials.
4. Official positions in Qing Dynasty
In the official system of the Qing dynasty, the highest military officer in the province was called the governor, also known as the government official. According to the official system of the Qing Dynasty, every province has a governor, and there is a governor above the governor. The governor generally governs three or two provinces, and some governors only govern one province, such as the governor of Zhili and the governor of Sichuan, and also take charge of the governor's affairs. Generally, there is no other governor. The governor is called "Fu Tai". The governor attaches importance to the military, so he is called "controlling the army", also known as "controlling Taiwan" and is known as "handsome" The governor cannot be called "handsome". The Governor's Mansion is the yamen of the Governor's Mansion, also known as "the Governor's Mansion", or simply the imperial court, or the courtyard. The place where the governor is stationed is called Fu Yuan, or Fu Ya.
Although the governor and the governor have a high position, they are only temporary jobs at first. Nominally, the chief executive of a province should be regarded as an envoy, that is, the so-called "envoy of the minister". Their duties are equivalent to the governor in charge of civil affairs and finance today, and they are called "Fang Bo" and "Fan Tai". When the governor and governor became permanent posts, the status of envoys was reduced and they became subordinates of the governor and governor.
In a province, there is also the title of "provincial judge" or "provincial judge", which is equivalent to the ancient "Chen Gang", so the provincial judge is also called "Gang Tai". Shantou is second only to Fantai, and Fantai and Shantou are collectively called "Second Division". The "three constitutions" of a province refer to Futai, Fantai and Futai.
The governor, the governor's family, and the academic adviser who specializes in education, also known as learning politics; Salt transporters who specialize in salt affairs and so on. Although they belong to the same "division" as political envoys and provincial judges, their status is lower than that of Fan Tai and Feng Tai.
There are "Dao" under the teacher, such as Liangdao, Salt Tea Ceremony, Bingbei Road and Chuandong Road. Officials in the Qing Dynasty were divided into nine categories, namely, the governor was the first category, the governor was the second category, the secretary was the third or second category, and the Tao was the fourth category. The position of Tao is only on the level of connecting the preceding with the following. Tao, also known as "Daotai", is also called "observation" because it is equivalent to the observation envoy of the Song Dynasty.
To sum up, there were only three provincial officials in the Qing dynasty: the governor (governor), the minister in charge and the provincial judge, which can be called "three constitutions". Scholars and salt transporters. , can only be regarded as "deputy provincial level". The number of officials in a province who are lucky enough to enter the provincial and sub-provincial levels should not exceed 10, but at most 15. As for the road below the division, it can only be equivalent to the current "main hall level" and cannot be attributed to the provincial level.