1, what is education for all? What are the reasons for the rise of education for all? Education for all means that the object of education is universal, which means that education must be open to all, and everyone has the right to receive education and must receive a certain degree of education. Education for all pays more attention to universal education; Lifelong education is mainly devoted to continuing education; The reasons for the rise of education for all: Education for all is not only the fundamental guarantee for every member of society to enjoy the right to education and promote social equality, but also the basic means for individuals to acquire the ability to survive and develop; Education for all is the inevitable choice for the country to get rid of crisis and poverty. Education for all is the need to promote world civilization and common prosperity; Specific measures taken by countries to achieve education for all in order to popularize school opportunities and promote equality; Basic education focuses on the actual acquisition and results of knowledge; Expand and constantly redefine the scope of basic education; Open a variety of teaching systems necessary for teenagers and adults to learn, and effectively use information, communication and other means to spread knowledge; Promote learners to get the nutrition, health care and general material and emotional support they need, so that they can actively participate in and benefit from education. 2. Briefly describe the qualitative provisions of education. First, education is a conscious social activity unique to human beings. Education is a unique phenomenon in human society, not a universal activity in the animal kingdom. Human educational activities are social and conscious. Second, education is an activity that human beings consciously transmit social experience. Humans use language to sum up knowledge and experience, and pass it on to others in a centralized and strengthened way. This is a unique way of transmitting experience-education. Third, education is a social practice activity with the direct goal of cultivating people. The purpose of transmitting social experience in the process of education is to cultivate people and promote their physical and mental development. 1 (given by the teacher), education is a social phenomenon, which comes from the needs of social life and is an indispensable means for the continuity of human society and the survival and development of human beings. Second, education is a unique practical activity of human society, which is not found in other animal kingdom. Third, education is an activity to cultivate people. Fourth, education develops with the development of human society. Primitive forms of education; Ancient forms of education; Modern education; Contemporary forms of education; Education is produced and developed with the emergence and development of human society, and it is one of the indispensable means for the growth, development and social life of a new generation to be inherited and continued. 3. About the role of education in human development. Individual development includes two aspects: physical development: the development of an organism's natural form and its organs and functions-more dependent on natural maturity; Psychological development: the development of people's psychological process and personality psychology, including the development of cognition, emotion, will and various advanced sociality-the influence of education on individual development is more reflected in the development of individual "heart". 1, the role of education in promoting individual development. First, the specific content of the function of education to promote individual socialization: accepting certain social and cultural values and social norms; Make the goals pursued by individuals consistent with social requirements; Master the skills necessary for individuals to obtain social membership and pursue their goals; Learn to identify with your identity and role under any circumstances; One of the manifestations of education promoting individual socialization function: socialized education promoting individual ideology promoting individual socialization function; Second, socialization education promotes individual behavior and individual socialization function; Third, the role of cultivating individual professional consciousness; Second, the function of education to promote individual individualization: the connotation of individualization: having the subjective consciousness to form individual differences; One of the functions of creative education to promote individual individualization is to promote the formation of human subject consciousness and the development of subject ability; The second function of education is to promote individual individuality; The third function of education to promote individual individualization is to develop people's creativity and promote the realization of individual value; The main factor affecting individual development is heredity, which is the physiological premise of human physical and mental development and provides the possibility for human development. Environment is the external objective condition of human physical and mental development, which restricts human development. Education can set the direction of human development and has a comprehensive, systematic and profound impact on human development. A person's own attitude and energy reflect a person's subjective initiative and are the driving force for a person's physical and mental development. 3. Education should adapt to the law of individual development. First, we should adapt to the sequence of people's physical and mental development: a continuous development process from low to high and from quantitative change to qualitative change; Education must follow the order of people's physical and mental development, from shallow to deep, from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract, from low to high, and gradually improve the requirements for education. The second is to adapt to the stage of people's physical and mental development: the commonness, typicality and essential characteristics formed in different age stages; Education should not only take care of students' current development level, but also constantly put forward requirements higher than their original level to promote their development. Third, we should adapt to the imbalance of people's physical and mental development: the development speed of different age stages and different aspects is uneven; The imbalance of one aspect of physical and mental development at different ages. For example, the development of height and weight has two peak periods (the first year after birth and adolescence), which is faster than other age groups. Unbalanced development in different aspects of body and mind. Some aspects reached a higher level of development at an earlier age. Grasping the imbalance of people's physical and mental development is helpful for us to grasp the maturity of students' physical and mental development in order to carry out education in time. Fourth, we should adapt to the individual differences of people's physical and mental development: individuals are different in development speed, level and personality psychological tendency. Due to the differences in heredity, environment, education, personal efforts and practice, there must be individual differences. The performance is as follows: different individuals develop at different speeds and levels in the same aspect of body and mind; Everyone has different personalities and psychological tendencies. According to the characteristics of individual differences in human development, we should deeply understand students, master their personality characteristics, be targeted and teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so that every student can get maximum development. 4. On the role of education in social development. The social development function of education is the function of education to promote social development, involving population, politics, economy, culture and other aspects, and also embodies the promotion of education to the development of modern society. (a) education and socio-economic development 1, the impact of economy on education, economic development restricts the educational purpose of a society; The overall level of economic development affects educational investment, and then affects the scale and speed of educational development; The type of economic structure affects the educational structure; Economic development affects educational content and specialty setting; Economic development affects the reform of teaching methods, teaching organizational forms and teaching means; The constant change of occupation puts forward the requirement of lifelong education; 2. The influence of education on economic development (the economic function of education) Education is an important means to realize labor reproduction and improve the productivity of workers. Education promotes economic development and national income growth. Education provides moral and cultural foundation for economic activities through the creation of humanistic environment and the cultivation of humanistic spirit. Education, especially higher education, is an important factor to promote knowledge, technology and technological innovation. 3. The task of contemporary China's economic reform for education is to vigorously develop continuing education, lifelong education and informal education, and improve the ideological and moral, scientific and cultural quality of all citizens; Education serves economic construction and development; Re-examine the school's educational objectives and curriculum, and add new content that conforms to the economic and social development of the times; Actively broaden the channels of education investment and guide the healthy development of the education market; Break the traditional mode of running schools, advocate various forms of joint running schools, and improve the competitiveness of the international education market. 4. The theory of the relationship between education and economy: the theory of human capital (1) American economist Schultz put forward the view in the 1960s that "human capital" is a concept corresponding to "material capital" and refers to the knowledge, skills and abilities condensed on workers. Human capital investment includes personal investment in education, health and medical treatment, among which education investment is the most important part of human capital. The role of human capital investment is greater than that of material capital investment, and the growth rate of human capital is much faster than that of material capital. (2) The influence of human capital theory on education leads countries to increase investment in education and emphasize the importance of education. Leading to the popularity of education marketization and education industrialization. It led to the emergence of "economic education". (2) education and political development 1, the influence of political system on education, the purpose of education, the right to education and the arrangement of educational content, and the political system itself has extremely profound educational functions. Cultivate qualified citizens needed by a society; Education can create certain public opinion for political stability and change; Teachers and students are the intermediate elements of political stability and change in any era; Education can promote the democratization process of a society; 3. On the relationship between education and politics: The theory of educational independence was put forward by Mr. Cai Yuanpei in 1927. Key points: education should be independent of politics and religion and should be left to educators; Educational administrative independence; Independent educational thought; The content of education is independent. (3) Education and Cultural Development (the cultural function of education) British anthropologist Taylor gave a classic definition of culture in his book Primitive Culture: culture is a complex whole, which includes people's knowledge, beliefs, art, morality, laws, customs and all other abilities and habits as members of society. 1, cultural pattern affects education, cultural pattern affects the value choice of education, cultural pattern affects the goal choice of education, cultural pattern affects the content and method of education, and cultural pattern affects the policy of education reform. 2. The influence of education on cultural development (the cultural function of education), the cultural inheritance function of education, the cultural integration function of education and the cultural innovation function of education. 3. The trends and problems of cultural changes in contemporary China are becoming more and more obvious. Cultural conflicts are increasingly obvious; The further decline of traditional culture; The threat of cultural imperialism in western developed countries is becoming more and more serious; Cultural consumption has become an important part of people's daily consumption, and cultural industries have emerged. 4. At present, the cultural mission of China's educational reform has promoted the recognition of national cultural identity; Spreading the concept of "cultural diversity"; Promoting cultural understanding and dialogue; Beware of cultural imperialism. 5. The theory of educational "cultural reproduction" is a school of western Marxist educational theory, represented by the French thinker Pierre Bourdieu. The representative view is that the culture transmitted by the school is closely related to the culture of the ruling class; The means of education is "symbolic violence"; School curriculum is a hegemonic curriculum. Education and social development: unity of opposites: "restriction": society determines the nature and development direction of education and provides guarantee conditions for the development of education; "Promotion": Education promotes and promotes social civilization and progress by improving people's quality and cultivating talents. Relative independence of education: In a certain social and historical background, education, as a special social practice, has its own basic laws or principles. Although restricted by political, economic and cultural factors, we can't ignore or obliterate some basic principles and laws unique to education itself, otherwise, we can't achieve our goals. 5. Briefly describe the types of education system. The core of modern education system is school education system, which refers to the system and management rules of various schools at all levels in a country. Content: To stipulate the nature, tasks, admission conditions, study years and their relationships of various schools at all levels. 1, there are two kinds of educational system: the vertically divided educational system-the vertically divided educational system is the dual-track educational system; The horizontally divided school system-single track system is the dominant school system. 1, 18, 19 th century European countries: For the children of the upper class, nobles and senior monks, the division criteria are mainly based on race and origin. After graduating from junior high school, you can continue to receive higher education. The first track is designed for the children of ordinary people, who can only get employment or receive vocational education in primary and secondary schools after graduation from primary school. Academic modern schools with traces of hierarchical privileges, which evolved from ancient schools, coexist with new mass modern schools for the children of working people; -Different courses, teachers and training objectives; Different rights to education are stipulated according to the object of education; -deviating from the principles of popularization and fairness of education; Second, the single-track system in the United States: bottom-up (primary school-middle school-university) evolved on the basis of following the European dual-track system; Under the background of American traditional culture without privilege, the track facing the upper class in the original dual-track system has not been fully developed. Pay attention to equality, but low welfare and unbalanced development. Thirdly, the former Soviet Union, China and Japan all have the characteristics of single-track system and some factors of dual-track system. This branch of the academic system is carried out after the junior high school education stage and belongs to the monorail before the junior high school education stage (including primary school and junior high school stage). The advantage is that it is connected from top to bottom and smooth from left to right. This paper attempts to combine the advantages of dual-track system and single-track system, giving consideration to fairness and efficiency. 2. The reform of modern education system: from the vertical academic system, the dual-track education system is developing towards the branch school system and the single-track education system; -Integration shows that the dual-track school system will be integrated in places where compulsory education extends, and the monorail school system is a good form of universal education with equal opportunities; Comprehensive middle school is an ideal form to integrate the two-track education system. From the horizontal school stage, great changes have taken place in each stage; Early childhood education stage: incorporated into the academic system; Primary education stage: there is no distinction between primary and advanced education; Early school age; The number of years is shortened to 5 years (France) and 4 years (Germany); Junior high school education stage: the extension of junior high school educational system; As an intermediate stage of general education; Connect with primary schools, carry out unified education on basic knowledge of culture and science, and cancel the examination between primary schools and junior high schools; High school education stage: the three types of contemporary academic system have actually become three types of high school stage (shouldering three tasks)-only shouldering the task of entering college preparatory education (western European high schools), shouldering two tasks of college preparatory education and popularizing cultural and scientific knowledge education in high schools (Soviet high schools), shouldering college preparatory education, popularizing high schools and carrying out vocational education (American comprehensive high schools); Vocational school: the foundation of culture and science and technology is getting higher and higher; The levels and types of vocational education are diversified; Higher education stage: multi-level (junior college, undergraduate, master, doctor); Multiple types (college, department, specialty); The connection with society, production, science and technology and social life is getting closer and closer; 6. What are the main types of the current education system in China? Briefly describe the vertical hierarchical structure of the current education system in China. Article 10 of the Education Law stipulates: "The state implements a school education system of preschool education, primary education, secondary education and higher education". There are four stages in China's current education system: preschool education, primary education, secondary education and higher education. Among them, the primary education stage and junior high school education stage are collectively called compulsory education stage. Horizontal: after the secondary education stage, classification began to appear. The vertical hierarchical structure of China's current school system: preschool education: planned education for children before entering primary school according to certain training objectives and children's physical and mental characteristics; Primary education: education that enables citizens to lay a foundation of cultural knowledge and prepare for their initial life. It is extremely important to improve the national cultural level, which is an important goal of implementing compulsory education and universal education, including primary education for children, youth and adults. Implementing primary education for children mainly refers to full-time primary education; Implementing basic education and literacy education-adult amateur education-equivalent to primary school level for young people and adults who are still illiterate or semi-illiterate; Secondary education: continuing secondary general education and professional education on the basis of primary education. China's secondary education institutions mainly refer to full-time general secondary schools, vocational secondary schools, secondary specialized schools, agricultural schools, technical schools and adult secondary schools and other higher education: it is a variety of professional education based on secondary education. According to academic qualifications, it can be generally divided into junior college, undergraduate course, postgraduate class, master's degree and doctor's degree. Teaching organization and its forms include full-time and amateur, face-to-face and non-face-to-face, on-campus and off-campus forms. China's educational system development direction moderately develops preschool education; Effectively popularize compulsory education; Continue to adjust the structure of secondary education; Vigorously develop higher education; 7. Briefly describe the nature of teachers' profession. Why are teachers also learners? The nature of teachers' profession is a social labor group divided according to the nature and form of people's participation in social labor. From the function and role of teachers: "Teachers are also called Taoists". (Zhou Li) "Teacher, so preach, teach and dispel doubts". Han Yu: "Teacher's Theory" is based on the quality that teachers should have: "Wisdom is like a spring, actions can be tools, and people can also be teachers". The Biography of Chinese Poetry must examine the nature of teachers' profession from the perspective of their social roles, social responsibilities and their relationship with the objects of activities. No. 1, teachers are specialized occupations and teachers are professionals. The inherent quality requirements of teachers' profession 1966 UNESCO's proposal on teachers' status: teachers should be regarded as specialized occupations; Teachers should acquire and maintain professional knowledge and skills through rigorous and continuous research. The International Standard Occupation Classification of the International Labour Organization: Teachers are "experts, technicians and related workers". 1986 national standard occupational classification and code of China national bureau of statistics and bureau of standards: teachers are classified as "professional and technical personnel". Teachers are professionals engaged in education and teaching. Secondly, teachers' profession is a profession that promotes individual socialization, and teachers are functional cultivators of teachers' profession by educators: individualization; Individual socialization; A teacher is a person who exerts influence on students in a planned and organized way according to certain social requirements, so that they can become qualified members of society. Thirdly, the teaching profession is a self-development profession, and teachers are self-designed and self-planned based on learners' understanding of the professional value of teachers. Candle view: a state of burning oneself to illuminate others. Emphasize dedication, sacrifice, and paying for others. It is the focus of teachers' professional ethics education in China for a long time, and it is also a portrayal of the real life of a large number of teachers. Concept of development: emphasizing teachers' own progress, improvement and harvest; It is a pursuit to cultivate students and improve themselves at the same time. It embodies the concept of teacher education in the new period and highlights the subject value of teachers. The profound background of development view: the popularization of lifelong education thought: the awakening of teachers' self-consciousness; The requirements of the development status quo for teachers; Teachers in the concept of development have dual identities as educators and learners; Teachers exist as learners first: give full play to their subjectivity; Teachers not only arouse students' pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, but also show themselves, realize themselves, meet students' needs of seeking truth, progress and creation, and show their ultimate concern for people. Education and teaching is a dynamic development process, and teachers must constantly explore and make progress.