Lecture 10 and Lecture 1 1 Preview of "Suhomlinski Pedagogy"

In the autumn of 2020, the homework of the tenth and eleventh lectures of Suhomlinski's pedagogy by the new network teacher is: Please comment on Article 86 of To the Future Teachers. A: In what ways did Suhomlinski implement the educational thought of "treating students as living people" in this article? The following are my reading notes, in black font, some of which are reading notes.

To future teachers.

I often receive letters from many college students, mainly normal students. Almost all the letters raised a question. I think it is a shame for many future teachers to answer this question. For me who has been teaching for 18 years, it is the first time to read the classic works of great educators. Although there are regrets, I am lucky to meet new teachers and study in this warm learning community. Very meaningful. The meaning of this question is: What is the most important thing in education? In the usual education and teaching work, I often work hard, but I forget to look up at the road and think about more core and valuable education problems. I have been thinking about this problem for 32 years. It is not easy to answer this question, because nothing is secondary in our work. There is no small matter in education, and everything can touch the heart. However, education still has a core.

Future teachers, my dear friends! In our work, the most important thing is to treat our students as living people. Students are living people with their own unique thoughts, experiences, experiences and personalities. He is not machine learning to brush questions-this is not to transfer knowledge from the teacher's mind to the student's mind, but first of all, the relationship between the teacher and the child. The relationship between living people means deep understanding, entry, care, respect and belief in every unique life.

First, establish a good relationship between teachers and students. We must first understand that learning is not to transfer knowledge from the teacher's brain to the students, but to build a living relationship between people. Relationship is the premise of all education. In this diversified network society, it is actually very simple to acquire knowledge. A lot of knowledge is free, and many high-quality resources are made public online. Therefore, teachers are no longer just disseminators of knowledge. More importantly, we should become collaborators and guides on the road of students' growth and know how to manage the relationship between the living.

The child's mental work, his success and failure in learning, if the child succeeds, we will remind the child to learn to sum up experience and begin to enter a virtuous circle of education; If you fail, you should find out the reason with your child, give your child spiritual support, and prevent your child from entering a vicious education cycle. This is his spiritual life and his inner world. Ignoring this point will have tragic consequences. Students have their own rich emotional world. If you press it blindly, you can only force more problem children. Therefore, as educators, we should always remind ourselves to give our children more successful experiences so that they can gain self-confidence and self-esteem. Please remember that the most powerful forces to motivate children to learn, stimulate their interest in learning and make them study hard and tenaciously are self-confidence and self-esteem. Once students' interest in learning is ignited and awakened, our joint efforts to educate students will be stronger. When children have this kind of power in their hearts, you are an education expert and you will be respected by children. Education is an art, paying attention to methods and skills. What we need to do is help and understand children, arouse their self-esteem and self-confidence, and urge them to educate themselves.

And once the spark of this spiritual power that nothing can match goes out, you will become powerless. Even if you use the wisest and most sophisticated means to influence your child's heart, it will become a dead thing.

Second, cultivate children's sense of self-esteem. To treat students as living people, we need to take active measures to encourage and stimulate their interest in learning and make them feel confident and self-respecting. Being respected and appreciated is everyone's real wish, including students. Appreciation is the easiest way to build mutual trust between teachers and students. The relationship between teachers and students who appreciate each other must be positive, harmonious and happy, and preaching and teaching can be easily completed unconsciously, without the boredom brought by preaching and teaching and the heaviness brought by indoctrination. Appreciate students, treat them as living people, let them show their advantages as much as possible while being respected, and at the same time restrain their shortcomings as much as possible.

Not long ago, this happened in a school. One student can't understand how plants absorb nutrients and breathe, how buds develop into leaves, and how flowers bear fruit. The biology teacher often asks him questions to stimulate him: "Don't you understand such a simple thing?" What the hell can you do? "The teacher's language is not warm at all, just like a thorn in the students. In the boy's mind, he gradually lost confidence in himself. The most basic knowledge has also become complicated for him, because lack of self-confidence has blocked his way of understanding like a wall. The metaphor is very vivid. In the long run, students will lose the courage to try and will only get used to denying themselves. Once in class, the biology teacher said, "In a few days, the buds will grow, and all our classmates will go to the boulevard with chestnut trees to observe." "There, if Alesha can't say what everyone else understands, then things are hopeless." Simply comparing with classmates will only make children feel inferior.

The biology teacher likes what he grows very much. He cultivated seedlings of chestnut trees with seeds and arranged these small chestnut trees in a tree-lined road. When the whole class came to Chestnut Avenue, the teacher was shocked: all the buds on the tree were peeled off ... the students stood there in frustration. In Alesha's eyes, there is a spark of schadenfreude. Mr. Tao Xingzhi said, "There is Watt under your pointer, Newton in your cold eyes and Edison in your sneer." Shouldn't there be punishment for students? Yes, but no verbal violence, no corporal punishment. , should not hurt children's self-esteem. Alesha was humiliated by his teacher countless times because he couldn't figure out how plants grow. Finally, the accumulated hurt in Alesha's heart accumulated into anger and revenge. He destroyed all the buds of the chestnut tree planted by the teacher. This is the child's revenge for hurting himself.

What is hidden behind this behavior? It was a deep pain, humiliation and sudden burning and explosion of spiritual strength. Alesha protested against this. He felt that the teacher's words contained malice. And children have to complain, and sometimes even do strange, absurd and meaningless things.

But what is more common is that a student who keeps eating "two points" gives in to his own fate and gradually gets used to the idea that he can do nothing. A typical rubber man, a habitual helpless child, deserves our love and attention. Whenever I see such an indifferent student, I am prepared to listen patiently to the teacher's ridicule and reprimand, and my heart is full of grievances and indignation. My young friend, please avoid such a thing as your fear of fire! This kind of student who has no complaints, is silent and ready to accept any reprimand is terrible. We don't like and hate angry children from the bottom of our hearts. In fact, these children are exactly what we need education and care most. This is a person's most terrible thing. You should be happy to see the students' stubbornness and anger. You should allow students to seem to distrust your ideas and let them test and study them. "Long live the stubborn character!" -I really want to write this sentence down in the most vivid font and post it in the teachers' lounge ... to establish a democratic, harmonious, relaxed, happy and beautiful teacher-student relationship.

You are tomorrow's teacher, please remember: every child comes to school with the desire to study hard. Every child's heart burns with an upward flame at first. Education is to treat students as living people, understand children's physical and mental characteristics, respect students, understand students and build a bridge of mutual trust between teachers and students. Only in this way can children grow up happily and healthily. This desire is like a dazzling Mars, illuminating the emotional world of children's concern and worry. He gave this Mars to our teacher with great trust. This kind of Mars is easily extinguished by a sharp, rude, indifferent and distrustful attitude. If only we teachers could treat us like children and give them unlimited trust in our hearts! This will be a wonderful harmony full of human feelings and mutual respect.

Third, unlimited trust in students. I believe that each of them has a desire to grow up and help students accumulate confidence. So many times we have to believe the correctness of this sentence,' There are no students who can't learn, only teachers who can't teach'. Sue told us not to be discouraged at any time. Trust includes unlimited trust and limited trust. Regarding infinite trust, Teacher Wei Zhiyuan said: "Infinite trust is essentially an abstract trust or absolute trust (which is considered unrealistic), that is, this trust is not implemented in a specific matter, but embodied in the trust in the development possibility of students, or in the strength of students, in the future, in life itself, and in the seeds of years." Limited trust is conditional trust. Conditional trust means that teachers must put forward standards suitable for students in matters and demand students harshly. If students can constantly achieve their goals, they will strengthen trust, otherwise they will reduce new trust. This is a "careful follow-up" of students' ability to help them overcome difficulties and gain self-esteem. These two kinds of trust, in the words of Mr. Gan Guoxiang, are infinite trust in the soul and zero tolerance for mistakes.

Where is the teacher's confidence in the strength of students? The dialectics of our work tells us that the teacher will never meet such a moment, which gives him the right to say: because I have tried my best and worked hard, this student has reached the limit and can't get anything from him. Don't label students at any time, let alone show disappointment and give up on students. In fact, every child is a unique world, angels and gold. You should have a pair of discerning eyes, find the advantages of your child with your heart, and don't give up easily. Giving up children means giving up a world. Many mistakes in school education are rooted in the fact that some people hold this idea. Please remember: the power and possibilities of human beings are endless. A student may not understand something for a whole year, but one day, he does. The inner spiritual strength of this "sudden realization" (I want to call this phenomenon "awakening of thinking") is gradually accumulated in the child's consciousness, and as teachers, we are also helping it accumulate with our self-confidence. Don't worry and lose heart at any time. Students are living people and have the most basic growth rules. This requires us educators to have a minimum understanding of children's physical and mental growth. Do we place the same demands and expectations on all children and ignore their individual differences? We need to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, respect individuality and accept differences. Education should have expectations for some students, not let them live in a dark corner without hope forever. Are we drowning students in books and suppressing their nature for the sake of grades and enrollment rate? Students are living people, and we can't just cultivate some reading machines just because we strive for merit and profit. Do we only pay attention to children's physical health and not their mental health? Students can't do it today, but it will take three years, so I have always believed that in these three years, human power is endless. There is infinite trust in students, and love echoes. How much you invest, you will get more love feedback. Always believe in the power of faith.

With this in mind, I would like to make the following suggestions to you, my young friend: Just as surgeons put some very sharp surgical tools in a clean metal box, you also have some of the most exquisite, spiritual, sharp and unsafe tools-grading, so it is best to put them in the box.

And it doesn't work. In my opinion, the habit of grading almost everything students say is a sign that education is ignorant. With this attitude towards things, this most complicated tool.

One minute becomes honey, the other minute becomes a stick: it intoxicates one person and hurts that person. I hope the school will not engage in the so-called "score accumulation" to pursue the number of grades. In a school season, a student must have several scores before a teacher can master them.

Fourth, use music carefully. The grading mentioned by Su Shi is not like the big exam in our mind, that is, the daily exam, but the daily inspection and evaluation, including homework grading. Su repeatedly stressed that grades should not be regarded as a stick, but as a means to check and motivate students to study actively and master knowledge and ability. The essence of his grading is the process evaluation and growth evaluation recognized by our teachers. The purpose of grading is to help students overcome the difficulties in the learning process, evaluate them from the perspective of growth, guide students to correctly understand themselves, accept themselves and affirm themselves, so that every child can feel the joy of success in intellectual activities and enter a virtuous circle.

Please remember that even an adult's futile work will make him feel ashamed and confused, not to mention that we are in contact with some children. If a student can't expect anything from his study, he will lose confidence in his own strength and become rude or discouraged. Education should let students taste the sweetness and make him firmly believe that a hard work will bring a harvest.

How a student views himself determines his moral outlook to a great extent. Guide students to accept, affirm, like, explore, correct and surpass themselves. Now there are many handicrafts in the school: students know the world around them, but they don't know themselves, let alone themselves. It's hard to know yourself. Most people are always afraid to face their hearts. I firmly believe that children should know themselves while knowing the world around them, and should be filled with a deep sense of self-affirmation. Self-affirmation is the mother of self-education. I like this sentence very much. Success is the mother of success. Real education is self-education. It is necessary to know clearly that there is no perfect person in the world who really accepts himself. Self-esteem is one of the most powerful sources of a person's sense of honor, reputation and healthy self-love. When you embark on the creative post of education, please remember that you must teach children to do mental work, teach them to think, observe and understand, and feel their spiritual strength from the fruits of mental work.

When you step into the school gate, you will not only become a teacher of this subject, but also be an educator first.

You should be good at cultivating students' desire for learning. Students' desire to learn is the basis of our educational effect. Not all children have the same thoughts, feelings and memories. Every student is a unique and rich individual. One student has understood what you want to teach him, and the other student has not, but that doesn't mean he doesn't want to learn. Give him time to rethink, and don't blow out the faint spark of his thirst for knowledge. Only when students have made achievements in mental work, even small achievements, will they be evaluated. You should be good at seeing and feeling from every student that he is a unique personality. Every child is an angel and a miracle. We need to discover, discover and stimulate their interest. Once, I heard a teacher say, "This student is hopeless. This is his fate-to be a poor student forever." Then I remembered what Henry Heine said: "Everyone is a world, and this world was born in him and died in him. Every tombstone has a history of the whole world. " Since God has given talents, let them be used! Teachers should be good at seizing the opportunity of education and let children advance in a better way.

Tamara, a female college student in Almaty Normal University, is very concerned about teaching methods. She wrote: "I am afraid to see a large number of teaching methods constantly emerging." It can be seen in newspapers and magazines almost every day: this is a new method, that is a new teaching method ... how can we find so many teaching methods and means? Which of them are really effective? "Tamara and other college students are concerned.

"Some teaching methods have come into being, but their life span is not long" (wrote a college student in Volgograd). You should know that any teaching method is not a real method when it still exists in our minds and when we only analyze its advantages and disadvantages literally-in textbooks and lesson plans. Any method can't be used blindly. Just as Teacher Li Zhenxi said, every child is unique, and every method of educating children is different. We should combine theory with practice and explore a unique teaching method that suits us. For example, there is a set of exquisite locksmith tools. They are all there, each with its own position and purpose. But what are these tools when people's hands are not touched? This is a pile of metal, that's all. Every piece of metal can only be turned into a tool when it reaches the hands of craftsmen. The same is true of teaching methods. Only a craftsman can do it. What effect this method can have on children depends on you and only on you. Think about how sacred and important our teachers are. We should be good role models for our children. The real creative work in school is first of all vivid and exploratory thinking and research. No matter how good the cutting-edge teaching method is, it will only be effective if teachers add their own personality and thoughtful things to ordinary things. I can't help thinking of a famous Polish educator janus Kolcak's words: "To expect others to give you ready-made ideas is tantamount to asking other women to give birth to your pregnant child for you. Some thoughts are produced in pain, and such thoughts are the most precious. " The same is true of writing. Only by careful preparation can we make our own achievements after suffering. If you want to be a real craftsman, don't wait for "another woman gives birth to your pregnant child". Growth must depend on oneself, self-sculpture, self-cultivation and self-transformation, and it will be sweet to experience pain. Only the teaching method that you pour your wisdom and your living thoughts is the best and most effective method.

Fifth, teachers should become craftsmen. In other words, we should make good use of teaching methods to cultivate students' real desire for learning. At present, there are many teaching methods and all kinds of teacher training, but we find that many teachers have not really put them into practice. After careful consideration, they apply what they have learned to teaching practice and form their own operational thinking, so that what we have learned will really play a role.