1. radio 1. In order to speed up the sediment deposition along the dam and the river bank, prevent the river bank from being washed by the water flowing along the dam, and enhance the stability of the dam, 2 is usually adopted. Most homogeneous dams are basically composed of () kinds of soil materials. 3. The main instrument used to observe the angle is (). 4. When the ordinary ammeter is actually used for () hours, it should be compared with the standby ammeter of the same type. 5. The water gauge on the water surface () is called vertical water gauge. 6. The mantissa of water level observation record is selected by () method. 7. The unit of flow is (). 8. The flow rate is usually indicated by the symbol (). 9. Cross section refers to the cross section of water and the direction of water flow (). 10. The unit of wet perimeter of water-crossing section is (). 1 1. The highest mark of stone commonly used in water conservancy projects is (). 12. In water conservancy projects, () sand with an average particle size of less than 0.25mm is generally not allowed. 13. The thickness of cement particles is called () of cement. 14. The cementation ability of cement after cementation and hardening to a certain age is called (). 15. The lowest softening label of ordinary portland cement is (). 16. In general, the strength of cement will decrease after being stored for three months (). 17. The silt content of fine aggregate should be less than (). 18. pointing mortar can improve the durability of masonry mortar joint and (). 19. The azimuth of the straight line is 150, so the quadrant angle of the straight line is (). 20. In the first quadrant, the relationship between azimuth α and quadrant angle r is (). 2 1. In the irrigation canal system, the main canal and the branch canal are generally () channels. 22. The canal system architecture can be divided into () according to its purpose. 23. The function of controlling the building is to control the channel (). 24. In the irrigation canal system, the agricultural bridge is a building. 25. When designing channels, design flow, minimum flow and () flow should be adopted for design and check. 26. The product of the net irrigation area controlled by the channel and the designed irrigation modulus is the channel (). 27. Horizontal drainage mainly includes open ditch drainage and () drainage. 28. The design water level after the sluice gate is opened is generally taken as the design water level before the sluice gate minus () meters ... 29. The allowable flooding depth and time of crops are related to the () and growth stage of crops. 30. By the end of 1993, the accumulated waterlogging control area in China reached () million mu. 3 1. According to the engineering experience, when the width-height ratio of river valley section is less than 2, () arch dam can be built. 32. According to the experience and test data in various parts of China, the design depth of dry field drainage is generally () m.33. According to the legal unit of measurement in China, the unit of hydrostatic pressure ρ is (). 34. At a fixed spatial point, the water flow with at least () moving elements changing with time is called unsteady flow. 35. In mechanics, two forces with equal size, parallel direction () and non-collinear action line are regarded as a whole, which is called a couple. 36. Before sowing and the whole growth period of crops, the total irrigation amount per unit irrigation area is (). 37. The central content of implementing the water plan is (). 38. The cracks in the earth dam are short, the joints are obviously staggered, and the lower soil moves, showing signs of leaving the dam. This kind of crack is (). 39. When sand bags are used to cover the local damaged parts of the earth-rock dam slope, the coverage should exceed the damaged edge () meters ... 40. The temperature cracks of the canal system buildings can be treated by covering temperature and increasing () cracks according to the temperature difference. 4 1. When the water pump is running, the temperature of the sliding bearing shall not exceed ()℃. 42. The reservoir flood control standard is generally expressed by return period t or frequency (). 43. The pump efficiency is the ratio of effective power to () power. 44. When designing channels, design flow, minimum flow and () flow should be adopted for design and check. 45. Horizontal drainage mainly includes open ditch drainage and () drainage. 46. The direction of the grid dam should be consistent with the direction of water flow (). 47. The most widely used dam type in China is (). 48. In the irrigation canal system, the main canal and branch canal are generally () channels. 49. In all kinds of irrigation water sources, () is the ideal water source for large and medium-sized irrigation areas. 50. The theodolite is () the main instrument of measurement. 5 1. Axial flow pump relies on the () force generated when the impeller rotates to lift water. 52. The working device of single bucket hydraulic excavator is mainly () bucket. 53. The economic distance of bulldozer is (∟) m. 54. The draft with the water surface (∟) is called inclined vertical draft. 55. The mantissa of water level observation record is selected by the method of (). 56. The unit of flow is (). 57. The frost resistance of concrete grade (). 58. Jointing mortar can improve the durability of masonry mortar joint and (). 59. The highest label of hydraulic mortar is (). 60. The layering degree of hydraulic mortar shall not be greater than () cm. 6 1. The quadrant angle means that the angle between a straight line and the northern or southern end of the meridian is less than 62 clockwise or counterclockwise. () is generally used to represent landforms on topographic maps. 63. China stipulates that the average sea level of () is the starting point, and its elevation is set at zero meters. 64. In a straight plane, the line of sight below the horizontal line is called (). 65. One-time bottoming method is suitable for canals with good soil quality and a depth of () meters ... 66. When filling the canal embankment, if the sandy loam is compacted manually, the thickness of each layer is () cm. 67. The highest mark of stone commonly used in water conservancy projects is (). 68. The average particle size of medium sand in the project is () mm. 69. Pebble must be screened and cleaned before use, and its content shall not be greater than (). 70. The state stipulates that the final setting time of cement shall not be later than () hours. 7 1. The lowest softening label of ordinary portland cement is (). 72. When the water is still, the hydrostatic pressure acting on the unit area of the compression surface is called (). 73. At a fixed point in space, the water flow with at least one moving element changing with () is called unsteady flow. 74. In mechanics, two forces with equal magnitude and opposite directions and parallel but not collinear lines of action are regarded as a whole. It is called (). 76. The project budget includes (). 77. In areas with heavy rainfall, farmland drainage works must meet the requirements in (). 78. By 1993, China has built large, medium and small reservoirs () mainly for irrigation and flood control. 79. When the width-height ratio of the river valley section is equal to 2.0 ~ 3.0, the arch dam can be repaired. 80. If a variety of crops are planted in the irrigation area and the irrigation quota is different, the water allocation of each water distribution point can be () 8 1. The shaft power of the pump includes effective power and () power. 82. When the settlement joint of earth dam is treated by excavation and filling method, the backfill topsoil material should be plastic, and the water content should be controlled to be greater than the optimal water content (). 83. When the dam body leakage is serious, and the scattered soaking area is large, even throughout the whole dam slope, it is appropriate to adopt () measures. 84. Building foundation bearing capacity is poor, generally can be used to strengthen the foundation and () method. 85. During the non-irrigation season, the well is pumped and maintained every () days. 86. The salt in the soil mainly moves with (). 87. The reservoir flood control standard is generally expressed by return period () or frequency p. 88. The efficiency of the pump is the ratio of () power to shaft power. 89. Water conservancy and hydropower projects are divided into five grades according to their projects (). 90. Earth dams are generally composed of dam body, seepage prevention facilities, drainage facilities and (). 9 1. Theodolite is the main instrument for () measurement. 92. The ratio of the area of the water section to () is called the hydraulic radius. 93. The lowest number of bricks in the project is (). 94. The average particle size of coarse sand in the project is not less than () mm..95. Before use, pebbles must be screened and cleaned, and their silt content shall not be greater than (). 96. The state stipulates that the initial setting time of cement shall not be later than () hours. 97. The commonly used Portland cement minimum soft practice label is (). 98. The heat released by cement in the process of hydration is called (). 99. () test is generally used to evaluate the workability of hydraulic concrete. 100. In large-scale projects, the main form of concrete production is (). 10 1. The largest power tire bulldozer in the world is () kW. 102. The main grouting equipment is () machine. 103. When observing the water level, in order to make the record continuous and complete and save manpower, () should be selected. 104. The relationship curve drawn with () as the ordinate and time as the abscissa is called the water level hydrograph. 105. The relationship curve drawn with flow as the ordinate and () as the abscissa is called the flow hydrograph. 106. The tensile strength of concrete is about () of the compressive strength. 107. () of concrete indicates the compressive strength of concrete under certain conditions. 108. The lowest label of hydraulic mortar is (). 109. When drawn on the map with the scale of 1: 10000, the length of 50m in the field is () m. 1 10. When the river is rich in water resources, but the water level cannot meet the requirements of gravity diversion, the water intake hub can be built (). 1 1 1. The sluice is a () building. 1 12. When the channel crosses rivers, valleys and roads, it is necessary to build () buildings. 1 13. The passage intersects the road. Although the bottom of the passage is higher than the road surface, it needs to be built when the height difference does not meet the traffic clearance requirements (). 1 14. The sluice is a building on the canal system. 1 15. When the designed water level line of the channel is lower than the ground elevation line, the channel can be built (). 1 16. Farmland drainage methods include horizontal drainage and () drainage. 1 17. Masonry () is generally used for groins. Second, the question of authenticity 1. The heat released by cement during hydration is called hydration heat. 2. When storing cement, the distance from the wall and the bottom should be above 10cm. 3. All drinkable water can be used for mixing and curing concrete. 4. Marsh water cannot be used for mixing and curing concrete. 5. The silt content of concrete coarse aggregate should be less than 5%. 6. The wet perimeter of rectangular section can be calculated by the formula χ=b+2h. 7. The finer the cement particles, the lower the early strength. 8. The state stipulates that the final setting time of cement shall not be later than 24 hours. 9. There are six kinds of softening marks for ordinary portland cement. 10. The highest softening mark of ordinary portland cement is 625. 1 1. In case of strong wind of magnitude 8, the irrigation area can deliver water normally. 12. Muddy water flows backward from the downstream of earth-rock dam, blocking the downstream drainage body, which is beneficial to seepage control and stability of the dam. 13. Trapezoidal crossing method is suitable for the treatment of cracks in earth dam body and dam end. 14. If the bearing capacity of the foundation is poor, the methods of strengthening the foundation and expanding the bottom area of the foundation can generally be adopted. 15. When the water pump is running, the roller temperature shall not exceed 95℃. 16. The common unit of flow is m3/s 17. Head loss is generally divided into head loss along the way and local head loss. 18. Soil with organic matter content exceeding 10% is called organic soil. 19. The time and depth of crop flooding are limited. 20. The allowable flooding depth and time of crops have nothing to do with the types and growth stages of crops. 2 1. In the irrigation canal system, the main canal and agricultural canal are collectively referred to as water conveyance channels. 22. The unit of wet perimeter of water-crossing section can be expressed in length unit. 23. The lowest mark of stone commonly used in water conservancy projects is 100. 24. The lower the ambient temperature during construction, the longer the setting time of concrete. 25. The lowest softening mark of ordinary portland cement isNo. 225. 26. Main canal and branch canal are generally water conveyance channels, while bucket canal and agricultural canal are water distribution channels. 27. The barrage of the dam diversion hub is used to intercept the river and raise the water level. 28. When the passage passes through valleys and roads, cross buildings should be built. 29. Trapezoidal weir is a special water measuring equipment. 30. The design flow of the channel refers to the daily flow that the channel needs to pass when the crops are irrigated in the design year. 3 1. Pipeline drainage is carried out when trench is dug on the ground. 32. Rivers can be used as drainage basins. 33. The construction schedule is an important part of the construction organization design. 34. Water conservancy project construction quota is generally compiled by the construction unit. 35. In areas with heavy rainfall, farmland drainage projects must meet the requirements of waterlogging control. 36. The allowable flooding depth and time of crops are related to the types and growth stages of crops. 37. In the irrigation canal system, the main canal and the branch canal are collectively called distribution canals. 38. The filling of clay dam is not affected by climate. 39. The water intake plan is generally prepared by users in irrigation areas. 40. In case of 6 ~ 8 gale in irrigation area, the amount of water can be reduced appropriately. 4 1. Water is often not an important factor causing channel landslide. 42. The bearing capacity of building foundation is poor. Generally, the methods of strengthening foundation and expanding the bottom area of foundation can be adopted. 43. The pumping stations of multiple units shall be started one by one in sequence. In water conservancy projects, the commonly used "three materials" refer to wood, brick and cement. 45. The lower the ambient temperature during construction, the longer the setting time of concrete. 46. The state stipulates that the final setting time of cement shall not be earlier than 30 minutes. 47. The strength of cement is determined by softening method. 48. The lowest softening mark of ordinary portland cement is 125. 49. In general, cement storage time should not exceed 3 months. 50. Different varieties and grades of cement can be mixed. 5 1. The workability of hydraulic concrete includes plasticity, durability and impermeability. 52. Frost resistance refers to the ability of concrete to withstand repeated freezing and thawing without being destroyed. 53. Industrial sewage can be used for mixing and curing concrete. 54. The wet perimeter of circular section can be calculated by the formula χ=πR2. 55. In the same water area, the larger the hydraulic radius, the more unfavorable it is to flow. 56. The lowest bid for stones commonly used in water conservancy projects is 200. 57. Pebble must be screened and cleaned before use, and its silt content shall not be greater than 20%. 58. The tensile strength and compressive strength of wood transverse stripes are low. Iii. short answer questions 1. What is porosity? 2. What are the stages of project acceptance? 3. What are the disadvantages of flooding? 4. Briefly describe the distribution methods of water distribution points? 5. What is the main reason for the foundation settlement of canal system buildings? 6. What is the dry density of the soil? 7. What are the cost components of the budgeted unit price of construction projects? 8. What are the indicators of China's irrigation design standards? 9. How to adjust irrigation time and irrigation quota when water supply is insufficient? 10. What are the common faults of canal architecture? Four. Calculation problem 1. For a rectangular channel, the bottom width is b= 1.5m and the water depth is 2.0m If the flow rate is 4.0m3/s, what is the cross-sectional area and average flow rate? 2. The irrigation area controlled by the East Second Main Canal in an irrigation area is 6.5438+0.45 million mu, and the total water diversion for secondary irrigation in summer is 8.65438+0.3 million mu. The irrigation area controlled by the three canals is 25,000 mu. Try to calculate the water distribution of three tributaries.