(1) Explain to patients and their families the biological, psychological and social factors that cause essential hypertension and the health hazards of hypertension, so as to arouse patients' sufficient attention. (2) Instruct patients to adhere to a low-salt, low-fat and low-cholesterol diet, limit animal fat, viscera, fish eggs, molluscs and crustaceans, supplement appropriate amount of protein, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, control weight and prevent constipation and obesity.

(3) Change unhealthy lifestyle, persuade to quit smoking, limit drinking, combine work and rest, and ensure adequate sleep. Learn self-psychological adjustment and remain optimistic.

(4) Choose jogging, brisk walking, Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong according to age and illness. When there are symptoms such as dizziness, palpitation and shortness of breath during exercise, you should rest on the spot.

(5) Inform patients and their families of the name, dosage, usage, function and side effects of antihypertensive drugs, and provide written information. Educate patients to follow the doctor's advice on dosage. Teach patients or their families to measure blood pressure regularly and record it, and check it regularly in outpatient department.