Section three? High width route

American psychologist Vicat founded Hayes Institute of Science Education on 1962. A wide curriculum means that children have a high degree of enthusiasm and a wide range of interests. In the field of preschool education in today's world, the curriculum types with great influence represent the high quality of preschool education.

First, the theoretical basis of high-width courses

The high-width curriculum absorbs the theories of Piaget, Dewey, Kohlberg and Eriksson, which embodies the inclusiveness, openness and flexibility of the high-width curriculum. Piaget's cognitive development theory is the main theoretical basis of high-width courses.

Height-width curriculum absorbs Piaget's theory of cognitive development stages and cognitive constructionism, from which two basic principles are extracted: one is the development of children's intelligence in a predictable order, and the other is the change of logical reasoning ability, which is the result of the change of children's potential cognitive structure, also called interaction. Influenced by Piaget's constructivism, the high-width curriculum model attaches great importance to the interaction between students and the outside world in its curriculum design and implementation.

Second, the content system of high-width courses.

Before 1995, the high-width curriculum mainly focused on children's cognitive development, while social development and emotional development were only by-products of cognitive development. Since 1980s, active learning has been separated from key experience. Plateau curriculum has five aspects of school preparation determined by American educational goal group, including learning style and language, social and emotional development of reading, writing and communication, physical development and physical and mental health, art and science. There are 10 categories and 58 key experiences.

Third, the organization and implementation of high-width courses.

The organization and implementation of high-width curriculum is mainly reflected in the arrangement of one-day activities, including children's individual activities, group activities, group activities and outdoor activities. Looking back from the planning work, these three links are the most important forms of curriculum organization and implementation.

(1) Daily routine activities

Plan-work-review, group activity time, large-scale group activity time and outdoor activity time jointly create the daily activities of the high-width course. Overtime lunch break, this arrangement allows children to explore and solve problems freely and communicate with spontaneous peers, which is conducive to the cultivation of children's subjective qualities such as independence, self-confidence, exploration and creation.

Active learning

The core principle of high-width courses is active learning. Active learning refers to the direct and immediate experience of people's thoughts and events. Children can use various materials and interactions with adults to construct their own meaningful experiences and achievements, and can describe their feelings in their own language. Gao Kuang's curriculum research includes five elements:

Materials-This course provides completely diverse and suitable operating materials.

Operation-children fiddle with, explore, combine and transform materials to form their own opinions.

Choice-children choose material playmates to change or form their own ideas and plan activities according to their own interests and needs.

Children's language and thinking-children describe what they do and understand.

Scaffolding (adult support)-"scaffolding" refers to adults supporting children's current thinking level and challenging them to enter a new stage of development.

Fourthly, the support system of high-width courses.

(1) environmental planning

The high-width curriculum does not provide special brands or types of toys and equipment, but only focuses on how to provide meaningful materials to stimulate children's interest. As a guiding principle, it advocates the localization of environment and the exertion of creativity. The high-width course will set up many areas of interest, and children can flexibly move materials from this area to another area, so the materials provided reflect the diversity of children's family background.

Family cooperation

Based on the special multicultural understanding of the United States, Gaokuan curriculum realizes that the curriculum should be implemented according to different races and cultures. They attach great importance to family unity and ask parents to pay attention to their children's interests, record their progress in time and actively communicate with teachers.

(3) teacher training

The purpose of high-width courses is to train smart teachers, rather than relying on script courses. Teachers with proper education and training can use the knowledge and skills they have learned to guide practice and make the best decision for each child and the whole class. There are two basic types, one is the training courses provided by teachers and nurses, including basic development concepts, learning environment, one-day regular parental participation and course content and evaluation in all development fields. The second is a training-of-trainers course. People who take part in this course are usually kindergarten directors, education coordinators or course experts.

Fifth, the evaluation system of high-width courses.

The evaluation of width and height courses has three purposes. One is to examine the educational effect of teachers and the learning effect of children. Second, to examine children, it is necessary to diagnose the shortcomings of teachers in the education process. The third is to provide accurate data for public policy makers to make decisions. Prove the economic value and social value of early education to the society through curriculum evaluation. The evaluation system of high-width courses includes two aspects, one is the evaluation of children, and the other is the evaluation of projects.

(1) Assessing children

The specific method of comprehensive situation assessment is to observe children continuously and systematically, insist on being the evaluator of minutes for children, and score children's behavior with minutes. In this way, children can learn to become a visible child evaluation tool with high width deviation, which is called children's observation record. There are six directories in the children's record form, including active social relations, creative representation, sports and music, language and reading, mathematics and science. There are 32 observation points. There are 6 directories in the baby record form, including self-awareness, creativity of social relations, imagery movement, communication and language, exploration and early logic, and 8 observation points. There are five levels of development under each observation point, and each observation level describes different behaviors from simple to complex. Early reading skill evaluation is a standardized authenticity evaluation in the form of children's story books, which is used to evaluate children aged 3-5 and preschool children. Other fields are also developing specialized content domain tools. This is a set of professional tools.

(2) Evaluation project

The project quality evaluation scale compiled by the high-width curriculum is a tool to evaluate the quality of early education projects and determine the training needs of teachers. Including classroom activities and interactions, relations with parents, and practices and policies of institutional managers. There are 63 entries and 7 parts in the table. Table A is classroom observation, including learning environment, routine 12, teacher-child interaction 13, curriculum planning and evaluation 5, and table B is institutional observation, including parents' participation and family service, teacher qualification and teacher development 7, curriculum management 7. Each indicator is scored from the lowest score to the highest score of 5.

To sum up, the high-width curriculum is a theory and educational practice based on the interactive development with children, which has been widely used in early childhood education projects in the United States and other countries. It is recognized as the result of long-term education in the world, which promotes our understanding of the efficient, long-term and comprehensive value of preschool education.

Learning sentiment: the high-width course is very worthy of serious study, and the tools in the course are very professional. You must read relevant professional books to understand the content of this course more deeply.