Tolerance is a rational and wise way of thinking, behavior and attitude towards life, which is based on the consciousness of the diversity of people and the world, the relativity of truth and the multifaceted nature of human nature. It is a mature and accessible virtue and realm when people deal with differences, contradictions and conflicts in interpersonal relationships. ? [1] Tolerance is different from connivance. Tolerance does not agree with everything without principle, and there are certain limits to tolerant people. Meanwhile, tolerance is not indifference. Tolerance is a conscious quality of human beings, active restraint on the basis of recognizing the reasonable value of others' words and deeds, and respect for the free value of others. In a word, tolerance is an important and necessary quality in modern society, but at present, there are many phenomena in primary and middle school students in China, such as going their own way, bossiness and individualism, which show the lack of tolerance quality.

First, the current performance of the lack of tolerance quality of primary and secondary school students

1. Interpersonal indifference

When you meet something at school, you are not good at communicating with your classmates, and other people's things are often bad? It's none of your business. Hang high? . People are social animals, and if they want to survive in society, they have to have relationships with others in one way or another, and communication is an important condition for establishing relationships. At present, most primary and secondary school students are only children, and most of them are picked up and dropped off by their parents. There is basically no time to communicate with classmates after school, and weekends and holidays are also occupied by various remedial classes and super-long classes. It can be said that students' communication is narrow and they don't have a deep understanding of friendship and affection, so they often ignore their own feelings. If you are lukewarm to your parents at home, you can't talk about caring for your parents; Some don't even know their parents' ages, and what's more, they only tell their parents when they need money. In general, they don't want to talk to their parents much. In the process of communication with school classmates and teachers, I show the individualistic color of being self-centered, going my own way, being narrow-minded, not considering others and blindly pursuing self-realization.

2. School life is selfish

At present, most primary and middle school students have very good family conditions and their parents are very fond of them. Students with good family conditions often look down on those with bad families, scoff at their clothes, words and deeds, and even some students with good family conditions unite to form small groups. In the class, because of a little trivial problem, it is necessary to add ugly words and even more irrational behavior. They are always looking for other people's shortcomings, not thinking about their own shortcomings, being self-centered everywhere, and lacking tolerance, understanding and respect for others.

3. The school is proud of learning.

Because students have different basic and material conditions, some students can acquire knowledge by asking tutors or from other channels such as the Internet. Therefore, do they think they have learned knowledge? how much is it? 、? New? Being arrogant, being late, leaving early and being absent from school often happens. Don't listen to the teacher in class, think the teacher's knowledge? Aging? No novelty, dismissive of what the teacher said. Being overbearing in front of classmates, thinking that other classmates are narrow-minded and inferior to themselves everywhere. Disapproving of the suggestions made by teachers and classmates, unwilling to accept the reasonable opinions of others, paranoid. When you get a little achievement, you make a big publicity to show that you are superior to others.

Second, the lack of tolerance quality reasons

1. Utilitarianism of educational content

The utilitarianism of educational content means that in the process of education, students are emphasized on the cultural knowledge they want to take the exam, while the needs of students' all-round development are ignored. The content of education is mainly reflected in the school curriculum. Schools often set courses and allocate class hours according to the subjects of students' exams. Examination subjects are placed in an important position, and other courses such as ideology and morality, music, physical education and beauty are embellished. ? Test what? Just? Teach what? Has become a common thing. When students are about to face exams, what are those? Decoration? It is also omitted directly. Under the influence of utilitarianism, education has become a training ground for useful knowledge. Under the domination of this educational concept, students' free attempts and real experiences in concrete and emotional educational life are excluded, and students' self-practice, self-learning and active exploration are suppressed. In such an educational situation, there is only one value, and that is practical knowledge; There is only one activity, that is, learning; There is only one standard, and that is obedience. Teaching gradually formed the tyranny of knowledge, and tolerance was completely abandoned.

2. The lack of teacher tolerance education

The importance of teachers in education is self-evident, and he plays an important role in the formation and development of students' intelligence, ideology and morality. In the process of teaching, teachers' attitudes and teaching methods will have an impact on students. The lack of teachers' tolerance education is mainly manifested in two aspects: the lack of teachers' tolerance virtue and the mentality of seeking common ground in teaching. The teacher's tolerance itself is a moral example. The moral quality of teachers directly affects the moral quality of students. As ushinski said, teachers' moral quality is an irreplaceable force in any textbook, moral motto, punishment and reward [2]. Therefore, only tolerance can affect tolerance. The process of education is the process of teachers' words and deeds, and students are likely to learn and imitate teachers' words and deeds, especially in ideological and moral aspects.

3. The influence of network environment

With the improvement of people's living standards and the development of network communication technology, the Internet is gradually popularized, which has a great influence on students' thoughts, morality and values. Internet is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can obtain all kinds of information and materials and communicate in real time. On the other hand, there is a lot of unhealthy information hidden in the network, which is often easily infringed by students with relatively poor discrimination and self-control ability, which leads some students to have wrong ideas and form wrong values, leading to students' national concept gradually weakening, patriotism and collectivism being weak, hedonism and lack of progress. Some students are addicted to the internet and found it in the virtual world of the internet? Freedom? Get rid of social management and control. It is easy to have the impulse to do whatever you want and forget your social role and social responsibility.

Thirdly, the educational strategy of cultivating students' tolerance quality.

1. Pay attention to the cultivation of tolerance.

First of all, we should form a tolerant educational concept. What kind of educational idea there is, what kind of educational behavior there is. Tolerance depends on education. What education can do for tolerance is to cultivate individuals with tolerance quality and pass it. A tolerant individual? Give full play to wisdom and talent, and cultivate ethnic groups and systems with tolerant quality. It can be said that the purpose of tolerance education is to spread the concept of tolerance to people, especially the younger generation, to cultivate their sound tolerance consciousness and attitude, to enable them to develop a tolerant way of thinking and behavior, and finally to form a tolerant way of existence. Cultivate tolerant people? Tolerate individuals? It is the fundamental purpose of tolerance education, which mainly includes cultivating individual consciousness of non-interference, respect, public reason, justice and global vision and mind. In a sense, tolerance is not only an educational realm, but also an educational wisdom. Secondly, we should enhance students' tolerance consciousness through various channels. For example, organize some cultural and sports activities so that students can participate in them and truly feel the collective strength, because the cultivation of collective concept is not only a bridge to tolerance consciousness, but also can be overcome? Self-centered? The idea. You can also use radio, movies and multimedia to stimulate students' interest and moral sentiments through audio-visual combination and illustrations; Guide students to visit places of interest and let them feel the charm of ancient culture. In addition, schools can try to make? Human touch? Rules and regulations, and strive to build a more humane school management environment.

2. Teachers should practice? Tolerance?

First of all, we should deeply understand and study students. Only by understanding students deeply can we tolerate them. Many teachers tend to treat their students in a simple way, so that they are careless and insensitive in the face of their sensitive and subtle inner activities. If teachers have a deep understanding of students' inner world and the reasons for their various behaviors, they will not jump to conclusions and misunderstand students. In addition, teachers should be good at studying students' commonness and individuality and adopt different methods according to their different characteristics, otherwise mistakes may occur and even affect students' lives.

Secondly, we should be good at self-reflection. Teachers' reflection is a process in which teachers analyze and correct their own behaviors and basis in the practice of education and teaching, and then continuously improve their own educational and teaching ability and literacy. Tolerance has a wide range, and appreciation education and Pygmalion's expectation effect can be part of it. Teachers' appreciation, encouragement and expectation of students will become students' great learning motivation and will bring students heartfelt shock. Revelation of Barnum Effect: There is no such thing as a school? Poor students? Existence, every student is unique and excellent. No matter how they behave, there is always a little positive thought in their hearts. If teachers position every student like this, especially the so-called poor students, then there will be no poor students in the school. To reflect on behavior, we must find out the problem, analyze the problem, and rise to the theoretical level, so as to trace the source and find the crux. The internalization of any new concept generally goes through the process of acceptance, reflection, evaluation, organization and personalization, from instability to stability. Therefore, only by continuous reflection can we internalize the new educational concept in our own mind and keep our behavior from deviating from the requirements of theory and practice.

3. Strengthen media literacy education for primary and secondary school students.

The media has always been a double-edged sword. While providing an information platform, there are also various negative factors. At present, the contents spread by some mass media are full of dark and ugly contents such as conflict, violence and murder. These harmful information will often have a negative impact on primary and secondary school students who are in the stage of knowledge accumulation and value concept formation, whose world outlook and outlook on life have not yet taken shape, but who have strong imitation and learning ability. Violent pornographic information, seductive games and * * programs are increasingly harmful to primary and secondary school students. The practical research of media literacy education in Chinese mainland is in the initial and experimental stage, and there is no clear requirement for media literacy training in the national curriculum standards. However, from the theoretical analysis of media literacy education, it can be seen that it is necessary to implement media literacy education for primary and secondary school students, which is also in line with the new concept of cultivating students' all-round development through quality education in China.

It should be pointed out that tolerance has boundaries, and exceeding the boundaries will lead to the paradox of tolerance. As Popper pointed out:? If people advocate an absolute tolerance, even for intolerant people, instead of defending a tolerant society and resisting the attacks of intolerant people, then intolerant people will be eliminated and tolerance will disappear. ? [4]

refer to

[1] Zhujiacun. Tolerance: Another Goal of Subjective Education. Educational research and experiment, 200 1(3).

[2] Yang Sigeng, Lin. Trend? Tolerance education? . Ideas? Theory? Education, 2004 (1 1).

[3] Zhang Mengfei and Zhou Xiaohua. On the cultivation of tolerance quality of college students. Journal of Hunan Institute of Socialism. United Front Theory and Practice, 2007(2).

[4] Zhang Junhua. Four realms of educational tolerance. China Education News, June 24, 2008 (06). (Editor Fu Yijing)