1, common fire sources:
1) cookware equipment is improperly placed and close to combustible materials;
2) careless use of fire, unattended;
3) Smoking near stacked combustible materials;
4) careless use of lights;
5) baking;
6) resurgence;
7) Improper electrical installation and use;
8) short circuit of power supply;
9) welding;
10) electrostatic discharge;
1 1) Friction and heat of the machine.
2. Three violations
1) illegal command
The following phenomena, which are mainly told to enterprise leaders, belong to illegal command: failing to abide by safety production rules and regulations and safety technical measures or changing safety technology and operating procedures without authorization; Directing workers to take risks when safety protection facilities and equipment are defective and hidden dangers are not solved; Do not stop violations, etc.
2) Illegal operation
Mainly for workers working on site, the following phenomena belong to illegal operation: failure to comply with safety production operation rules, systems and safety technical measures; Improper use of safety protection articles; Unauthorized use of mechanical and electrical equipment; Engaged in special operations without a license.
3) Violation of labor discipline
Failure to comply with the following provisions is a violation of labor discipline: love your job, study hard, improve your political, cultural and professional level, and actively participate in safety production activities; Abide by labor discipline, obey the leadership, stick to their posts, and may not engage in operations other than this type of work without permission; It is forbidden to go to work after drinking; Don't smoke or use fire in places where fireworks are forbidden.
3, accident hidden danger
There is the possibility of accidents in the future, unsafe equipment and environment, and hidden dangers of accidents.
4. Safe month
Since 2002, the national "Safety Month" has been held every June. Through the "Safety Month" activities, we will vigorously create an atmosphere of "paying attention to safety and caring for life" in the whole society, and provide ideological guarantee, spiritual motivation and public opinion support for establishing a long-term mechanism for safety production, continuously deepening safety rectification, promoting enterprises to strengthen infrastructure construction, and consolidating and developing the overall stable and improved situation of safety production in the country. 20 12 theme of national safety month: scientific development and safety development
5. Civilized production
It means that employees and leaders of enterprises consciously become workers with ideals, professional ethics, civilization and discipline, and strive to create a safe, hygienic, comfortable and beautiful production environment.
Civilized production is the unity of material civilization and spiritual civilization construction. From the perspective of material civilization construction, it is to eliminate occupational hazards and hidden dangers, improve working conditions, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and achieve the goals of no accidents, no pollution, safety and hygiene; From the perspective of spiritual civilization construction, it is necessary to have noble professional ideals and professional ethics, high scientific and cultural level and good production habits, and oppose reckless adventures, illegal command and illegal operations.
6, fire extinguishing method:
1) cooling method: that is, the temperature of combustion products is lowered below the ignition point and the combustion is stopped.
2) Asphyxiation method: that is, air is isolated, so that combustible substances can not get oxygen and stop burning.
3) Isolation method: separate the combustible materials from the unburned materials, interrupt the supply of combustible materials, and isolate the fire source so that the fire cannot spread.
4) inhibition method; Make the extinguishing agent participate in the reaction and interrupt the chain reaction of combustion.
7. Six unsafe psychological factors of enterprise employees
1) self-expression psychology
This kind of psychology is more prominent in young workers. Although they have been in the factory for a short time and lack of work experience, they often show confidence and confidence and like to show their abilities in front of others. Some don't know how to pretend to understand and operate blindly; Some have little knowledge, are full of experts and work hard; Some even pretend to be "heroes" and grope around. It is very dangerous to correct or stop these self-expression psychology in time.
2) Experiential psychology
Workers in this state are characterized by their one-sided "experience", and they often don't listen to other people's scientific advice. They often say, "They have been doing this for several years and nothing has happened.". Some old workers who are skilled and enthusiastic about their work have accidents, mostly because they believe in "self-experience" too much.
3) fluky psychology
There are usually several different ways to accomplish certain operations. Some safety operation methods are complicated, and some employees are lucky enough to save trouble. They often regard safe operation methods as redundant and cumbersome, on the grounds that "other convenient methods may not cause accidents". The "accident" of "not necessarily" is regarded as the "necessity" of "certain". Therefore, he ignored the matters that should be paid attention to clearly and continued to operate the operation method that was strictly prohibited. Such people often have accidents and regret it.
4) Conformity psychology
This is a common psychological state. Most people will behave in different situations and different environments.
5) rebellious psychology
This psychological state is often manifested in the tense relationship between the managed and the manager. Employees with this mentality are often more angry than reasonable, and his guiding ideology is often "if you want me to be like this, I have to be like that." As a result, there are many cases of illegal operation due to rebellious psychology, and even accidents occur.
6) abnormal psychology
The formation of human emotions is usually influenced by physiological, family and social factors. Most employees who go to work after a quarrel between husband and wife are anxious or unhappy; There are sick children at home or employees who have worries at home, and they will be uneasy at their posts. As the saying goes, employees' abnormal psychological state can not be alleviated, and accidents are easy to occur.
8, accident treatment "four pass"
On April 7th, 2000, Vice Minister Wu Bangguo held a teleconference on "Strengthening production safety and preventing safety accidents" in the State Council, demanding that party committees, governments and relevant departments at all levels must strictly implement accident reports and decisions on investigation and handling, and adhere to the principle of "four let-offs". Namely: 1) The cause of the accident has not been ascertained; 2) The person responsible for the accident has not been dealt with seriously; 3) The majority of workers have no education; 4) Preventive measures are not implemented.
9. Safety
Safety, as its name implies, is "safety without danger and safety without defects", and safety means no danger. Including safety conditions (no casualties, occupational diseases, equipment and facilities damage or environmental hazards in the production process) and safety conditions (no system failure, personal injury or other losses caused by the interaction between people, machines and environment).
10, accident
Accidents that cause casualties, injuries, occupational diseases, property losses or other losses during production. Therefore, accidents are accidents, which people don't want to happen, but also have consequences against people's wishes.
1 1, potential accident.
Accident hidden danger refers to the unsafe behavior of people, the unsafe state of things and the defects in management that can lead to accidents in the production system.
12, safety production responsibility system
The responsibility system for production safety is the core of various rules and regulations for production safety of production and business units, and it is an important part of the administrative post management system and economic responsibility system of production and business units. The core of safe production responsibility system is to realize the "five simultaneities" of safe production. Earnestly implement "safety in production, everyone is responsible"
13, about the responsibilities of the team leader:
Safety team production is the key to do a good job in safety production. The team leader is fully responsible for the safety production of his team and is the executor of the laws, regulations and rules on safety production. Carry out the regulations and requirements of safety production in this unit, urge the workers in this team to abide by the relevant rules and regulations of safety production and safety operation procedures, and earnestly do not command or operate illegally, and abide by labor discipline.
14, post worker responsibilities
The post workers are directly responsible for the safety production of this post. Receive safety education and training, abide by relevant safety production rules and regulations and safety operation procedures, and do not violate regulations or labor discipline. Special operations personnel must undergo special training, pass the examination and obtain the operation qualification certificate before they can take up their posts.
15, contents of safety production inspection
Generally, the inspection should focus on: inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, drama drugs, boilers, pressure vessels, lifting and transportation, electrical equipment, stamping machinery, high-altitude operations, and equipment, jobs, places and their operators that are prone to accidents such as work-related injuries, fires and explosions; Departments that directly manage important dangerous points and harmful points and their responsible persons.
Specifically, it is mainly to check ideas, management, hidden dangers, rectification and accident handling.
Workshop safety training content II
A, workshop fire safety knowledge-fire
Fire fighting is the general term for preventing and fighting fires.
A. Conditions for fire extinguishing and combustion: control combustible materials, isolate combustion-supporting materials, eliminate fire sources, destroy combustion conditions, and finally achieve the purpose of fire prevention.
B, fighting
That is, according to different combustion conditions, different fire extinguishing methods (suffocation fire extinguishing method, cooling fire extinguishing method, isolation fire extinguishing method and suppression fire extinguishing method) are adopted. Sometimes several methods are even used to grasp the attack opportunity and assist in cooperation, so that the existing combustion conditions are destroyed and the fire is extinguished quickly and effectively.
C, pay attention to the smooth flow of fire exits.
Second, the workshop fire safety knowledge-four basic fire extinguishing methods
1, asphyxiation fire extinguishing method
Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is to take appropriate measures to prevent the air from flowing into the combustion zone or dilute the oxygen content in the air with noncombustible substances or inert gases according to the condition that combustible materials need enough air (oxygen) for combustion, so that combustible materials can be extinguished without oxygen. This fire extinguishing method is suitable for fire extinguishing in closed rooms, production devices and equipment containers.
2, cooling fire extinguishing method
Cooling fire extinguishing method is to spray water or fire extinguishing agent directly on the burning object according to the condition that the combustible must reach a certain temperature when burning, so as to reduce the temperature of the burning object below the ignition point, thus terminating the combustion.
3, isolation fire extinguishing method
The isolation fire extinguishing method is based on the condition that there must be combustible materials in combustion, and the combustible materials near the combustible materials are isolated to stop the combustion.
4. Restrain fire extinguishing methods
Suppression fire extinguishing method is to spray fire extinguishing agent on the burning object to participate in the combustion reaction process, so that the free radicals produced in combustion disappear and form stable molecules or low-activity free radicals, thus ending the combustion.
Third, the workshop fire safety knowledge-classification and use of fire extinguishers
A fire extinguisher is a portable fire extinguishing device that can be moved by human power. It consists of cylinder, cylinder head, bottle container, bottle holder, nozzle and other parts. It has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, wide application and so on, and is an essential fire extinguishing equipment for fighting the initial fire. Fire extinguishers are classified as follows:
A. Chemical foam extinguisher
1, which is suitable for fires of petroleum products, grease, etc., and cannot put out water-soluble flammable and combustible liquid fires, nor can it put out electrical equipment fires.
2. How to use:
(1), when you get to the fire in time, the fire extinguisher shall not be tilted, horizontal or inverted.
(2) When the distance from the ignition point is about 10 meter, the cylinder can be turned upside down, with one hand grasping the bail and the other hand grasping the bottom of the cylinder, aiming the foam at the combustible.
(3) If the combustible liquid keeps flowing and burning, the foam should be sprayed from far and near; if it is burned in the container, the foam should be sprayed to the height of the inner wall of the container, and it is forbidden to spray directly to the liquid surface.
(4), solid fire extinguishing, foam should be aimed at the most violent place.
(5) Always keep the fire extinguisher upside down when using it.
B, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
1, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are generally suitable for extinguishing the initial fires of electric appliances, expensive equipment, books and materials and flammable liquids below 600 volts.
2. How to use:
(1), the fire extinguisher should be put forward when putting out the fire, and put it down at a place about 5 meters away from the burning materials.
② Pull out the safety pin, and hold the handle at the root of the horn with one hand and the pressure handle of the switch valve with the other.
(3), for carbon dioxide fire extinguishers without injection soft arm, the horn should be lowered to 70-90 degrees.
(4) When using, you can't directly grasp the outer wall of the horn and the metal connecting pipe with your hands to prevent your hands from being frostbitten.
⑤ When putting out a fire, when combustible substances are flowing and burning, users should spray the nozzle of the carbon dioxide fire extinguisher from near to far.
⑥ If the combustible liquid burns in the container, the user should raise the horn and spray it into the burning container from the upper part of one side of the container, but the carbon dioxide jet cannot directly rush to the surface of the combustible liquid.
⑦ When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher outdoors, spray it in the upwind direction and use it in a narrow space. Leave quickly after use to prevent suffocation and poisoning.
C, dry powder fire extinguisher
1, the dry powder fire extinguisher is powered by high-pressure carbon dioxide and uses the dry powder in the spray pipe to extinguish the fire. It is suitable for putting out the initial fires of petroleum and products, flammable gases, flammable liquids and electrical equipment. , widely used in workshops, mines, ships, oil depots and other places.
2. How to use:
When putting out the fire, quickly take the fire extinguisher to the fire site, put it down 5 meters away from the burning site, then pull the safety pin and press the handle to aim at the root of the fire site from near to far.
D, 12 1 1 fire extinguisher
1, suitable for initial fire caused by any combustible.
2. Its use method is the same as that of dry powder fire extinguisher.
Four, workshop fire safety knowledge-fire hydrant knowledge
A, the composition of the fire hydrant
1, which is mainly composed of fire hose, water gun, fire water valve, special fire pool, fire water pipe, alarm automatic pressurizing pump, etc.
2. How to use:
In case of fire, first break the alarm glass with the fire bell, then put the fire hose aside, put one end of the fire hose on the hydrant mouth, and connect the other end with a water gun. After holding the water gun firmly, unscrew the water valve of the fire hydrant and spray it at the fire point. When throwing the fire hose, the hose should be thrown smoothly and must not be twisted or folded; When tightening the water valve of fire hydrant, hold the water gun firmly, so as to avoid the water gun swinging under the action of water pressure and hurting people. The water valve should also be unscrewed as far as possible to ensure the water pressure and water output of the water gun.
Five, workshop fire safety knowledge-fire fighting and rescue knowledge
In case of fire, we must be calm, organized, disciplined, prepared, effective and timely when facing the emergency scene.
First, alarm
One is to alert the people around you; The second is to report to the unit and the voluntary fire brigade of the unit; The third is to call the local public security fire. (The telephone number of China fire alarm is "1 19").
B. Fire extinguishing: Please refer to this document for specific methods.
C, rescue measures
When a fire breaks out, if someone is trapped by the fire, especially upstairs, they should first organize their forces, implement the principle of saving people first, saving people and putting out the fire simultaneously, and actively rescue them.
1, self-help method
(1), after the fire, don't waste precious escape time for dressing and changing money. You should quickly choose the passage opposite the fire source to get out of danger. If you encounter smoke when you escape from the fire, you should try to lower your body or crawl, and never walk upright to avoid being suffocated by smoke; Don't panic when clothes catch fire, roll on the ground quickly to put out the fire.
② For buildings with refuge floor and evacuation stairs, you can enter the refuge floor first or evacuate to a safe place through evacuation stairs.
(3), such as the stairs have been on fire, but not burned out and the fire is not very fierce, you can put on clothes or sheets wet with water and rush down from upstairs quickly; If the stairs have been burned out and the fire is quite fierce, you can use windows, balconies, water pipes, etc. Run away from the house. You can also connect them in strips with ropes or torn pieces, tie one end to solid doors and windows or other heavy objects, and then slide down along the rope or cloth.
(4) If all kinds of escape routes are cut off, you should retreat indoors, take smoke and fire prevention measures, close doors and windows, sprinkle water to delay the spread of fire, and cover your nose and mouth with multilayer wet towels for personal protection.
2. Rescue methods
(1), mitigation and rescue operations
When the fire area of the building is large and there are many trapped people, the trapped people can be evacuated to a safe area first, and then managed to move to the ground.
2. Transfer to save lives.
When a fire breaks out in a building, trapped people can be guided to move to another unit through the roof or balcony for evacuation and rescue.
(3), the ladder to save lives
Use climbing tools such as ladder, crank-arm car, three-section or two-section ladder, hook ladder, horizontal bar and rocking ladder. It should be set in a safe place in the building to carry out rescue.
(4), rope tube to save lives
Use outdoor drainage pipes or safety ropes to rescue trapped people.
(5), control the rescue operation
Use the water catcher to control the fire in the stairwell and guide the trapped people to rush down quickly.
6. Descending to save lives
Evacuate trapped people to the ground by using fire rescue facilities such as descent control devices.
All landowners, netting to save lives
You can open the life-saving net or set it on the ground with clothes, quilts, canvas, etc. For trapped people to jump off a building to escape.
Factory workshop safety training content 3
1. Main contents of safety education in factory department
(1) Explain the significance, task, content and importance of labor protection, and let new employees establish the idea of "safety first" and "everyone is responsible for safety production".
(2) Introduce the general situation of enterprise safety, including the development history of enterprise safety work, the production characteristics of enterprises, the distribution of factory equipment (focusing on the matters needing attention of special equipment near key parts) and the organization of factory safety production.
(3) Introduce the Code for State Staff, the Regulations on Rewards and Punishment for Employees in Enterprises promulgated by the State Council, and various warning signs and signal devices set in enterprises.
(4) Introduce typical accident cases and lessons of enterprises, common sense of emergency rescue and disaster relief, and reporting procedures of industrial accidents. Factory-level safety education is generally conducted by the enterprise safety department, and the time is 4* 16 hours. The explanation should be combined with looking at pictures and visiting the labor protection education room, and easy-to-understand legal manuals should be issued.
2. The main content of workshop safety education
(1) Give an overview of the workshop. For example, the products and technological processes produced in the workshop and their characteristics, personnel structure, organization and activities of safety production, dangerous areas and toxic and harmful posts in the workshop, rules and regulations of labor protection in the workshop, requirements and precautions for wearing labor protection articles, accident-prone parts and reasons in the workshop, special regulations and safety requirements, introduction of common accidents in the workshop and analysis of typical accident cases, introduction of good deeds in safety production in the workshop and specific practices and requirements for civilized production in the workshop.
(2) Introduce the basic knowledge of safety technology according to the characteristics of the workshop. For example, the cold working workshop is characterized by more metal cutting machines, more electrical equipment, more lifting equipment, more transport vehicles, more oil products, more production personnel and more crowded production sites. The machine tool has high rotating speed and large torque. Workers should be educated to observe labor discipline, wear protective equipment and pay attention to clothing. The woven fabric was stuck by the machine and the hand was scratched by the rotating knife. Workers should be informed to avoid collision, extrusion and cutting when clamping, inspecting, disassembling and transporting workpieces, especially large workpieces; Adjust the clamping tool, measure the workpiece, refuel and adjust the speed of the machine tool. When cleaning the car, cut off the power supply and hang warning signs. When cleaning iron filings, you should not pull them by hand, but use hooks. The workplace should be kept clean and the roads should be smooth; The grinding wheel should be installed correctly, the accessories should meet the requirements and specifications, the gap between the grinding wheel surface and the bracket should not be too large, and the operation should not be too hard. The standing position should keep a certain distance and angle from the grinding wheel and wear protective glasses; When processing ultra-long and ultra-high products, there should be safety protection measures. Others such as casting, forging and heat treatment workshops, boiler rooms, power distribution stations, dangerous goods warehouses, oil depots, etc. , should be based on the characteristics of new workers, safety technology education for them.
(3) Introduce workshop fire prevention knowledge, including fire prevention policy, inflammable and explosive articles in the workshop, key fire prevention parts and special needs, location of fire-fighting articles, performance and usage of fire extinguishers, workshop fire prevention organization, and treatment methods of fire hazards.
(4) Organize new workers to learn safety production documents and safety operation rules and regulations, and educate new workers to respect teachers, obey orders and work safely. Workshop safety education is the responsibility of the workshop director or safety technicians, and the teaching time is generally 4~8 hours.
3. The main content of security team education
(1) Production characteristics, working environment, dangerous areas, equipment status, fire control facilities, etc. Members of this team. This paper mainly introduces the high temperature, high pressure, inflammable and explosive, toxic and harmful, corrosion, aerial work and other dangerous factors that may lead to accidents, explains the accident-prone parts of the team, and analyzes the typical accident cases.
(2) Explain the safety operation rules and job responsibilities of this type of work, with the emphasis on always attaching importance to safety production, consciously observing the safety operation rules and not operating illegally; Care and correct use of machines, equipment and tools; This paper introduces the safety inspection and handover system in various safety activities and working environment. Tell new workers about accidents or find hidden dangers, report to leaders in time and take measures.
(3) Explain how to use labor protection articles correctly and the requirements of civilized production. It should be emphasized that gloves are not allowed when the machine tool is rotating, protective glasses should be worn when cutting at high speed, working hats should be worn by female workers when entering the workshop, and safety helmets and safety belts should be worn when entering the construction site and working at heights. The workplace should be clean and tidy, the roads should be smooth, and the articles should be neatly stacked.
(4) Implement safety operation demonstration. Organize old workers who attach importance to safety, skilled and experienced to demonstrate safe operation, and explain while demonstrating, focusing on the essentials of safe operation, and explaining how to operate is dangerous and safe, and the serious consequences will be caused if they do not follow the operating procedures.
1, production workshop safety management rules and regulations model (3)
2, production workshop safety management rules (4)
3, workshop safety production responsibility system mode
4, workshop safety production management system content (5)
5, workshop one hundred days safety production activities summary model essay (3)
6, factory workshop safety production management system content (3)
7, enterprise production workshop staff management rules and regulations (3)
8, food production workshop management rules model (3)
9, the company's production workshop management system detailed rules model (2)
10, quality slogan of production workshop