As decision makers, leaders play an important role in the construction of safety culture, and the key is to do a good job of "four leading". The first is to lead the security strategy. There should be clear safety production content in project planning, and the principle of "three simultaneities" should be seriously implemented in engineering construction projects; In the aspect of talent strategy, some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the construction of safety supervision team; Take strengthening emergency management as an important task, and so on. The second is to lead the safety culture. People-oriented, with the implementation of the responsibility system for production safety as the core, actively advocate advanced safety concepts, continuously strengthen the construction of safety culture, and attach importance to grass-roots and basic management. The third is to lead safety management talents. Make a training plan for safety management personnel, enrich excellent safety management personnel to the front line of production, and continuously improve the quality of safety management team. The fourth is to lead the safe implementation.
Decision-makers at all levels take the lead in setting an example in daily safety management, organize regular safety work meetings to study and deploy safety work; Organize regular safety inspections and urge hidden dangers to be rectified; In particular, it is necessary to ensure the investment of safety funds and fully reflect the strong executive power of the decision-making level to implement safety responsibilities. The cultivation of safety culture should start with the change of ideas, and it is even more necessary to get rid of the old ideological imprisonment and think about this problem with the ideas and thinking methods of modern enterprise management. Leaders have an important responsibility in production safety, and the safety status of a unit depends largely on leaders' sense of responsibility, work style and management level. Leaders at all levels are not only organizers of safety culture construction, but also educatees.
Leaders should consciously study the "Safety Production Law" and other laws and regulations, firmly establish the consciousness that "safety responsibility is more important than Mount Tai" and faithfully perform their own safety duties. On the basis of earnestly grasping various safety technical measures and safety management, we should actively advocate and strive to build a safety culture, take the lead in regulating our own behavior under the constraints of safety culture, influence every employee by example and establishing a safety education and training system, and strive to form a good atmosphere of "everyone stresses safety, everyone understands safety and everyone keeps safety", so as to effectively accelerate the construction of safety culture and form a good new situation of safety production.
2. Strengthen safety education and training, improve the comprehensive quality of employees, and lay a solid foundation for safety culture.
According to the characteristics of railway engineering, it is particularly important to strengthen special training and education and strive to improve the safety comprehensive quality of employees. It is not enough to improve employees' safety awareness, safety quality and safety operation skills only by system management and restraint. According to the dynamic changes of working environment, working procedures and personnel, we should establish a perfect education and training mechanism and adopt flexible and diverse forms of education and training in order to achieve the expected results. It is necessary to firmly establish the concept that "safety training is the greatest welfare of employees". In view of the fact that the overall quality of grass-roots employees in railway construction enterprises is uneven, we should establish and improve the safety training mechanism and strengthen the systematic training of employees' safety skills and knowledge. Based on the principle of learning what you do and making up what you lack, implement specific training plans at different levels.
General jobs focus on job skills and should be understood and trained; The training of safety management personnel and key positions focuses on the training of safety laws and regulations, operational skills and safety professional knowledge to improve their ability to deal with accidents and respond to unexpected accidents; In strict accordance with the principle of "training first, post-employment, training first, post-employment", conduct safety training for employees in special positions, new employees, laborers and workers who have changed jobs, and effectively enhance the pertinence, initiative and effectiveness of training and learning. Provide timely safety education for weak personnel, and carry out training and assistance in a focused and step-by-step manner, so that employees can do standardized work and work with confidence.
3. Establish and improve various safety production rules and regulations, and improve the execution of safety management.
Combined with the characteristics of railway engineering, we will further establish and improve various rules and regulations on safety production, so that the responsibilities and rights of management institutions at all levels will be more clear, specific and operable, and all employees will have rules to follow. The safety culture in the new period runs through the whole process of management, making safety management a conscious behavior, constantly innovating the safety management mechanism, and establishing and perfecting the strict responsibility system for safety production. The first is the responsibility system for production safety. Decompose safety responsibilities layer by layer, define objectives and implement responsibilities. So that all levels can stimulate internal motivation and actively implement various goals in the case of rules to follow. The second is the safety education and training system. For all new employees, if they change jobs, they must adhere to the principle of "no training, no posts"; Do not hold a certificate, do not work "principle, do a good job in three-level safety education and training and post business skills training. The third is the security risk of mortgage system. All employees shall pay safety risk of mortgage, link the quality of safety work with personal interests, and enhance the sense of responsibility of safety management personnel at all levels. The fourth is the system of investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards. It is necessary to improve the system of investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards, and focus on the prevention of accidents in advance.
4. Improve the "one-day work standardization" mechanism and standardize the work behavior of employees.
It is necessary to vigorously promote standardized operations and standardize post operations. Good work safety behavior cannot be achieved overnight, and it must rely on system constraints and safety education. Railway engineering projects have many safety risks and are difficult to manage. Therefore, we should start with the details and improve the "one-day standardized operation" mechanism. One-day operation standardization should make detailed operation flow according to different operation teams and different types of work. By formulating the daily work flow of the post, the daily work content and safety requirements are specific and clear, so as to standardize the operating standards and behaviors and achieve the purpose of standardized management. To carry out the standardization of one-day work, we must do the following work. First of all, in the standardization of one-day operation, in addition to the work flow of the post, at the roll call meeting before the shift, the person in charge of construction should arrange the operation of the day, make safety technical disclosure for each post and each working procedure, and make clear the construction characteristics of the day, the existing safety risks, how to prevent and control during the operation, and how to deal with emergencies in case of danger. Secondly, to carry out standardized operations in the construction process, we should adhere to the standardization of civilized construction, process connection, process control, inspection and rectification. Inspectors at all levels should sign the inspection result inspection point monitoring table to realize closed-loop management. Finally, after a day's construction, the person in charge of construction should make a serious summary of the construction work of that day, so as to achieve dynamic management and proper card control. The "one-day standardization" system should be implemented as the safety culture of construction enterprises, so that it can penetrate into the thoughts of every employee.
5. Improve the incentive and assessment mechanism to improve the durability of safety culture.
The two most important factors leading to accidents are the unsafe state of things (unsafe factors of posts) and the unsafe behavior of people. Among these two factors, people's unsafe behavior plays a leading role and is the main factor leading to accidents. And people's unsafe behavior is divided into post unsafe behavior and management unsafe behavior, and management unsafe behavior is the main factor. People's unsafe behaviors are highlighted as "three violations", that is, illegal command, illegal operation and violation of labor discipline. Man is the executor of "three violations" Therefore, to control the "three violations", we must solve the problem of "people". It is necessary to formulate strict assessment measures to keep employees in awe of safety and effectively improve their sense of responsibility. Railway project management institutions should set annual, quarterly and monthly safety assessment targets.
Similarly, each participating unit should also issue corresponding safety assessment objectives and formulate corresponding safety measures according to its own reality, and at the same time, it is necessary to link whether the safety objectives can be achieved with income, evaluation first and promotion. Through strict inspection, put an end to or minimize unsafe behavior. In addition to using strict assessment to restrain people's behavior, we should also use reward and care to motivate people's behavior. Therefore, all participating units should establish humanized incentive mechanism. On the one hand, outstanding employees should be commended and rewarded; On the other hand, it is necessary to educate, care for and help employees who are negligent and frustrated, communicate their thoughts and feelings, resolve conflicts, form an atmosphere of unity and upward, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of employees.
6 concluding remarks
Although there are many dangerous factors in railway engineering projects, the construction is difficult. However, if the advanced safety culture construction and people-oriented management concept can be completely penetrated into all levels of management and operation, so that employees can become passive and active, so that the idea of "I want to be safe" can be truly armed to the brain, so that rules and regulations can be internalized into the conscious behavior of each employee, and the daily unsafe behavior can be eliminated, the safety of project construction will be guaranteed.
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