At the beginning of the 20th century, extreme nationalism appeared in the educational reform in Germany and Japan, which eventually led to fascist dictatorship in the two countries.

After World War I, Germany began to reform the school education system. However, the long-standing militarism and ultra-nationalism in German society and education gradually evolved into fascist absolutism. During Nazi rule, German education became an important tool of fascist dictatorship. Similarly, Japanese education is extremely militaristic. In World War II, the education of both countries became tools of aggression, but they still had their own different characteristics, as follows: (1) The characteristics of German education are multi-track, grade and class. During the German Empire, German education was characterized by multi-track, multi-level and multi-class. The three-track school education system divides schools into three categories: Chinese studies, intermediate schools and liberal arts middle schools. Among them, liberal arts plays an important role in German education. ② Nationalism and nationalist tendencies. During the Weimar Republic, the national education system was initially established, and primary education and secondary education were connected to a certain extent. However, there is also a tendency to emphasize nationalism and nationalism in guiding ideology, which provides an opportunity for German education to evolve into a tool of fascist rule in the late Nazi period. 3 fascism. During the Nazi period, German school education regressed. Hitler's fascist dictatorship brought education into the fascist track and became a tool for the Nazis to implement fascist dictatorship. The characteristics of Japanese education are as follows: ① nationalism is strengthened. From the early 20th century to the 1920s, Japan tried to inherit its traditional culture and resist the influence of western culture. ② Pay attention to the education of national spirit and militarism, and Japanese education began to militarize. The main manifestations are: strengthening the control and suppression of the democratic and progressive movement of teachers and students; Strengthen the militaristic content in education; Schooling and socialization of military training. After 1937, Japanese education began to implement wartime education system, and education became a tool and machine of war.

The lesson is that to curb extreme nationalism, the government should not interfere too much in national education.