Man's physical and mental development is the unity of internal and external causes. Education should follow the unified law of internal and external causes of human development and correctly treat the interaction between internal and external causes. Education should first understand the physical development characteristics and learning level of the educated, and then fully mobilize the subjective initiative of the educated according to the physical and mental development characteristics of the educated, so that they can actively accept the influence of education.
People's physical and mental development is the consistency of quantitative change and qualitative change. Quantitative change is gradual change, qualitative change is mutation. Therefore, people's physical and mental development is the unity of gradual change and mutation. Education must firmly grasp the relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change in the physical and mental development of educational objects, seize the opportunity of mutation from the gradual change process, make full use of the "best period" of development, and promote people's physical and mental development in a timely manner.
There are different stages of human development, and different stages of physical and mental development have different characteristics. Education should pay attention to the differences in age stages and adopt different educational methods and means at different age stages.
Age characteristics are not only phased, but also sequential. People's physical and mental development is a continuous process, and it is a continuous and orderly development from a lower level to a higher level. Therefore, education should be gradual. Whether it is the mastery of knowledge, the development of moral level or physical exercise, we should pay attention to systematicness and consistency to prevent "encouraging signs"
People's development is different because of their own growth characteristics, living environment and educational influence. Education must "teach students in accordance with their aptitude" according to their individual differences, and educate the society with clear goals according to the individual differences in students' development.
All aspects of human development are complete and unified. In order to make everyone become a complete social person, we must adhere to "all-round education", promote the all-round development of educational objects, and make everyone become a comprehensive social member.
In short, people's physical and mental development is regular, and education should adapt to the characteristics of people's physical and mental development and have an impact on it, which is one of the general laws of education. The implementation of educational goals and tasks, the organization of educational process, the arrangement of educational content, the choice of educational methods and means, the planning of educational organization forms, the construction of educational environment, etc. , should be adapted to people's physical and mental development, which is also the overall requirement for education.
It is an objective law that education should adapt to people's physical and mental development level. Educational activities cannot deviate from this law. However, we cannot understand "adaptation" as unilateral passive "adaptation", but should actively promote it. The positive adaptability of education lies in its leading role in human development. On the basis of people's physical and mental development level and state, education should develop ahead of time, which is the positive significance of education adapting to people's physical and mental development.
Vygotsky, a Soviet psychologist, put forward the theory of "zone of proximal development" to study children's psychological development. In his research, he found that there are two levels of children's development. The first is the current development level of children, that is, the development level of children's psychological function formed as a result of a completed children's system. The second is the possible level of development, that is, "the level of problem-solving achieved with the guidance and help of adults." The area between these two levels is the so-called "zone of recent development". Vygotsky believes that the first level shows the development of children today, while the "zone of proximal development" marks the physical and mental development of children tomorrow. He concluded from this: "If the teaching aims at the completed development system, from the perspective of children's general development, this kind of teaching has no positive effect and will not cause the development process but act as the tail of development." "Only teaching that is ahead of development is a good teaching."
The significance of Vygotsky's theory of "zone of proximal development" lies in his emphasis that education should not only adapt to the current state of children's psychological and intellectual development, but also play a greater role in promoting and developing children's physical and mental development. The development of human intelligence, physical strength and moral quality has a "recent development zone". Education that can really promote people's physical and mental development should not only focus on the completed level of people's development, but also understand the "zone of proximal development" and shift its focus to the "zone of proximal development". Education should play a leading role in people's development and always stay ahead of students' existing development in the possible scope. This is the positive adaptation of education to human development. ,
However, we can't completely deny the synchronization and lag of education to human development. Vygotsky's conclusion that "only the teaching ahead is a good teaching" should only be meaningful to the development of new quality. Because education and teaching should not only promote the development of people's "new quality", but also consolidate and deepen the "old quality" that has been formed. It is also the task of education and teaching to consolidate and master the newly formed new quality and the formed old quality. Therefore, we can't completely deny the synchronism and lag between education and human development. However, for the new development of mankind, education must be ahead of development. Follow-up: Good answer ~ It would be better if you could give me some real-life examples ~ Please help me think of an example in my study life. A: China's education work is gradually moving towards "adapting to the law of human development", and the curriculum of middle schools in China has been consistent for many years. But now it has changed from exam-oriented education to quality education.