(A) the basic form and content of ideological education for young people

With the implementation of nine-year compulsory education and the expansion of colleges and universities, school education has become the main way of ideological education for teenagers. The school education from junior high school to the end of university provides a model for ideological education of teenagers, which mainly includes: political lessons in junior high school and senior high school (also called "ideological and political lessons"), "two courses education" in colleges and universities, party lessons, collective lessons, organizational life and so on.

According to the research on the contents of politics and university textbooks in junior and senior high schools, this paper summarizes four aspects of ideological education for teenagers: first, ideological and moral education; The second is civic education; Third, patriotism, collectivism and socialist education; The fourth is the education of world outlook, outlook on life and values. I did a questionnaire survey in 2009, and the survey object was 156. The respondents are divided into two groups, one is young students, mainly primary and secondary school students, and the other is social youth, mainly young farmers, workers, teachers and other young people who have set foot on their jobs. The survey results show that 90% of the students think that studying political theory is to cope with exams, 87% think that attending ideal and belief education and political theory training is to join the Communist Youth League and join the Party, and 10% think that they really understand the connotation and essence of a series of theories. As far as social youth groups are concerned, 95% of them never take the initiative to participate in the education of ideals and beliefs and the study of political theory, 86% of them think that the education of ideals and beliefs is not helpful to their work, study and self-development, and 88% of the teachers interviewed think that it is difficult to teach political classes and league classes well and the real teaching purpose is difficult to achieve. Among all the young people interviewed, 82% think that the education content of ideals and beliefs and political theory is empty and the language is boring, so it is difficult to form interest. At the same time, the survey data shows that the older you get, the less you care about your ideals and beliefs. It is not difficult to see from the above data that in ideological and moral education, the education of world outlook, outlook on life and values is the most difficult and the effect is the least ideal. I focus on the analysis and research from the perspective of accepting ideological education.

(B) the current ideological education of young people facing the main difficulties

1. Educators lack interest in ideological education.

Educators themselves are not interested in ideological education, which leads to the lack of seriousness and formality of education, which makes ideological education vague. They often only pay attention to propaganda and preaching according to their own meaning, and rarely take into account the effects of the educated and education. In addition, there is a confusion among different educational subjects (such as family, school and society), which shows that all educational subjects are confused and suspicious about how to carry out ideological education and what to teach.

2. The content of ideological education is not attractive to teenagers.

For teenagers, the current ideological education is just something imposed on them by the system, and its substantive content cannot arouse their concern and interest. They often just take the teaching content as the necessary knowledge for the exam; Do superficial work in organizational life, go through the motions and take the form; In all kinds of ideological education activities organized by them, they just join in the fun, or reluctantly participate because of compulsory requirements. Therefore, although ideological education is not completely ineffective, its effect is far from ideal.

3. There are problems in the overall ideological and moral level of teenagers.

At present, a major challenge faced by youth education is that the overall ideological and moral values of young people are in a state of anomie, and abnormal phenomena are increasing day by day, which increases the difficulty of education, such as lack of integrity and moral decay. Contemporary teenagers seem to have lost their traceable regularity, basic principles and persistence in issues such as ideology, morality and values, which are completely arbitrary and unpredictable. The intrigue, insincerity, hidden rules and "reality" between people seem to have completely become the most popular laws in today's society, and social ethics seems to be facing a terrible situation.

Second, the analysis of the reasons why the ideological education of teenagers is facing difficulties.

(A) changes in values lead to people's neglect of ideological education.

Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, the society has been in a period of rapid change. We have witnessed the earth-shaking changes in society in a short time. The development of the western region for more than 200 years has been basically completed in China for more than 20 years, and the compression of time and space is extremely obvious. This makes us "take the result as the center and only pay attention to the process" in the general paradigm of values, and pragmatism, hedonism, individualism and focusing on the present are in full swing. People's behavior is more guided by values such as results and interests. Instrumentalism's emphasis on the input-output ratio and the successful and efficient action aiming at the results caused by scientific rationality have become the main evaluation criteria of this era, and the worship of money and the enthusiasm for finding "relationships" have become the popular trend of the times. This will inevitably lead to the general neglect, dissatisfaction and indifference of the content of traditional ideological education in society. Therefore, ideological education must be properly adjusted in content.

(B) changes in social life have an impact on ideological education

The change of social life situation is concentrated in one word "busy". The pace of life in modern society is accelerating at an unprecedented speed. People not only have no time to reflect and experience life, but also have no time to care about their own survival significance, thus forming a crazy and even venting "simplified" (venting) entertainment life orientation. Therefore, the problem of ideological education is far from our vision. In modern society, human beings "really become passers-by".

(C) The rise of Internet and media has impacted ideological education.

The arrival of the Internet era marks the arrival of the "audience-centered" communication era. The information explosion has greatly squeezed the independent and professional information of ideological education, and people are faced with more choices. This situation makes it possible to get in touch with a variety of competing values, which makes it easier to expose the disadvantages of ideological education, and the education of one value is vulnerable to the impact of other similar values, thus increasing the difficulty and making it more complicated.

This shows that people's personality and the differences and diversity of their changes will be strengthened unprecedentedly, which poses an unprecedented challenge for educating people to become a certain trend. Because of many choices and changeable opportunities, people's situation becomes more and more unpredictable, and it is difficult to adhere to a single tendency. Therefore, it is an urgent task for ideological education in the new era to seek some kind of unity again in this "era of nothingness" instead of continuing to adhere to the simple unity of traditional society.

(D) Traditional ideological education violates the independent spirit of the times.

For the vast number of young people in the new period, the independent spirit of the times is characterized by subjectivity, which is characterized by independence and opposition to indoctrination, coercion and preaching. The independent spirit of the times requires us to learn the reasonable content of ideological education from human nature, from human emotion and reality, and make it enlightening and instructive. This is the inevitable result of modernization, which shows that the rise of rationality is the progress of society.

However, whether from the Communist Youth League organization or the education department, ideological education is still based on "preaching" in both content and form, and its basic sentence pattern is "should ……". It must be manifested as indoctrination and coercion, and basically regards ideological education as a way to put things outside the recipient on him. This contradicts the independent spirit of the times and is hard to be accepted by teenagers.

Three. Countermeasures and suggestions for the development of youth ideological education

(A) to strengthen content research

1. Change the discourse system

At present, the most intuitive performance of ideological education is that as long as someone mentions the rhetoric related to ideological education, people will despise and contradict it, and it is more difficult to take into account its specific content. Therefore, mass ideological education must first change the way of discourse and solve the general contradiction between discourse and preconceived ideas. The new discourse form must be opposite to the tradition, and the traditional discourse must be basically abandoned, otherwise it will be invalid.

2. Change the content system

In order to re-examine problems in a brand-new way, such as the origin and foundation of morality, we must proceed directly from the current real feelings and "irresistible persistence", rather than from the existing theories and customs. It pays attention to the analysis of our own excellent quality, and it pays attention to persuasion, not containment. In addition, in terms of form and content, its overall characteristics should be enlightening, guiding and emotional, for example, by organizing young people to participate in visiting and interactive educational activities such as "Young Eagle Fighting for Chapter", voluntary service and "Hand in Hand", the acceptance effect can be enhanced.

At the same time, the content of education should be concrete, practical and close to life. The highest state of value experience lies in sublimity, beauty and art, and it is a high-level emotional experience associated with the greatest happiness. In particular, league organizations should pay attention to guiding through media activities with great guiding functions such as movies, entertainment programs, sports, internet and online games. They are not only the main way of entertainment for teenagers at present, but also a special way of life, and their influence affects all aspects. Therefore, it is a very effective educational method to transform the content of ideological education into these ways and become the natural content of these ways.

(B) improve team building

1. Professional ideological education

Ideological education is far more difficult and important than knowledge education, so if we really want to strengthen and change it, we must give it to a few people who have the ability, which requires full-time ideological education. Professionalization is the premise of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of ideological and political education. At present, we should further strengthen the educational function of the counselor system and the league organization, make it more professional, and echo and complement the school education.

2. Clear the focus of education

Ideological educators should strengthen concrete and practical care and help for the educational objects, truly and effectively enter the daily life of teenagers and carry out daily education. The key to daily life is that it is a dynamic structure composed of a series of closely related people and interest acquisition mechanisms. We should make educators an extremely important and close internal part of the daily life of the educated, and give them practical care and help on the basis of cutting into the daily life of teenagers, so that we can certainly receive good educational results.

3. Strengthen training and assessment.

An important way to carry out vocational training for educators is to make ideological and political education teachers become researchers of ideological and political education reform, so that ideological and political education reform and ideological and political education can be perfectly combined in education. League organizations can conduct in-depth and extensive professional training for league cadres and counselors by holding regular and routine ideological education business training, guide students to participate in research, gradually become researchers, and earnestly strengthen the assessment and implementation of training and research work, and strive to build a team of ideological educators with excellent professional quality.