Pestalozzi: First put forward the idea of educational psychology.
Herbart: Herbart raised educational psychology to the height of system theory. He believes that pedagogy as a science must be based on psychology.
2. Differences in ideas
Pestalozzi: We should follow the laws of nature and understand the development process of human nature. Pestalozzi believes that human nature is innate. People are born with many natural forces, and the development of this natural nature has specific laws and shows certain procedures.
Herbart: Set up a wide range of courses to cultivate children's interests in many aspects. Herbart believes that although the ultimate goal of teaching exists in the concept of virtue, in order to achieve this ultimate goal, teaching must include a closer purpose, that is, various interests.
3. There are different opinions about children's teaching management.
Pestalozzi: The choice and arrangement of educational content should be suitable for children's learning psychological laws. Pestalozzi pointed out that the education process should start with some simplest elements, from easy to difficult, from near to far, from simple to complex, and gradually transition, and finally promote the harmonious development of children's natural abilities.
Herbart: The management, teaching and discipline of children should follow the law of children's psychological development. Herbart divides children's education process into three aspects according to ethics and psychology: management, education and discipline.
The meaning of educational psychology:
1. As far as the meaning of educational purpose or result is concerned, education and teaching are required to cultivate and develop people's inner and inner abilities;
2. As far as the significance of education and teaching activities or processes is concerned, it is required that education and teaching should be coordinated with the characteristics and laws of children's psychological development, so that children can be in a natural and active position in acquiring knowledge, developing intelligence and moral emotion. ?