Selected self-cultivation words in The Analects of Confucius
1. Indifferent teaching
[Source] Confucius said:? Teach indiscriminately. ? (Wei Linggong)
No matter who gave the education.
This kind of educational thought was advocated by Confucius, who clearly put forward the idea of "teaching without distinction" on the issue of educational objects. "Teaching without distinction" means that foreigners, regardless of nobility, civilians and national boundaries, can enter school and be taught as long as they are willing to learn.
Constantly teach people
[Source] Confucius said:? Taking pains to teach people can be described as a cloud. ? ("Shu Er")
Be patient and never get tired when teaching others.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius led his disciples around the world and experienced Xinzheng's disease. They had to live there for several months. Disciple Fan Chi asked Confucius how to do farm work. Confucius was unhappy. Instead of tirelessly teaching others, he admitted that he was not as good as the old farmer. Fan Chi had to consult local farmers and eventually planted melons and vegetables, such as gourds and lentils.
3. Never get tired of studying
[Source] Confucius said:? I study silently, never tire of learning, and never tire of teaching ("Shuer").
I always feel dissatisfied with my studies. Describe being diligent and eager to learn.
It reflects one aspect of Confucius' educational method. This had a great influence on the formation and development of China's educational thought, so that today, we are still popularizing his educational theory.
4. Don't be shy about asking questions
[Source] Confucius said:? Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions, also known as Wen. ? (Gong Yechang)
I don't think it's shameful to ask people who are less knowledgeable or have lower positions than themselves. Qing? The seventh chapter of Liu E also shows that a real scholar is striving for perfection academically, constantly improving his cognition, and sometimes even being ashamed to ask questions and absorbing nutrition in all directions.
Review the old and learn the new.
[Source] Confucius said:? If a person keeps cherishing his old knowledge in order to gain new knowledge, he may be someone else's teacher. ? (Politics)
Reviewing old knowledge can gain new understanding and experience.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius had rich teaching experience. He often discusses problems with students and solves various problems for them. He encouraged students to cultivate good moral character, study deeply, and put forward "keep pace with the times, review the past and learn new things". The students praised Confucius for his patience in teaching. Confucius said modestly, "Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching."
6. Know one and know ten
[source]? I can also smell one thing and know two things. ? (Gong Yechang)
You can infer a lot from listening to one thing. It is often used to describe intelligence and good at reasoning.
One day, Confucius deliberately asked Zi Gong: Which is better than Yan Hui? Zigong answer? How dare I compare with him? He knows a thing or two, and so do I. ? Confucius nodded and said:? You are inferior to him, and so am I? This passage is in the Analects of Confucius? It is recorded in Gongye Chang.
7. Infer from one example to another
[Source] Confucius said:? Not angry, not angry, not angry. If an angle is not reversed by three angles, there will be no more. ? ("Shu Er")
It turns out that everything the teacher teaches people is square, so you can cite one angle to compare with the other three angles. After metaphor, I know a lot from one thing by analogy. Refers to being good at reasoning and knowing each other.
Confucius once said to his students: take a corner, don't take the triangle, there will never be anything. ? It means:? Let me cite one aspect, and you should be able to think of other aspects flexibly. If not, I won't teach you any more. ? Later, everyone turned this passage of Confucius into? Draw inferences from others? This idiom means that to learn one thing, you must be able to think flexibly and apply it to other similar things.
Step 8 adjust
[source]? The name is not standardized and the words are not fluent. ? (Luz)
& lt definition > the original name is reasonable, and the words are reasonable. The latter refers to a legal name and makes sense. Describe (do, say) the reason is just and sufficient.
Confucius was dissatisfied with Lu's debauchery and brought his students to defend the country. Because Wei Linggong broke his word, he left Luz alone, and he led other students to leave Weiguo. After Wei ascended the throne, he asked to invite Confucius to help defend the country. Confucius said:? Only when the name is justified and the words are reasonable can we achieve great things. ?
9. The disaster hit a wall
[source]? I'm afraid the inner distress is not in a corner, but in a small wall. ? ("Ji Shi")
< Interpretation > The disaster happened at home; Metaphor internal disaster; It also means that people around you bring disaster.
10. Broken
[source]? People far away refuse to accept it, but they can't come. The country is falling apart, but it cannot be defended. ? ("Ji Shi")
Split, to the point of out of control. Describe the disintegration of a family, group, organization or country.
1 1. For sale.
[Source] Confucius said:? Sell it! Sell it! I treat Jia Zhe also. ? ("Zigong")
< Interpretation > Wait until there is a good price to sell. Metaphor is to use it wisely.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius led his disciples to various countries to lobby for his political ideas. No one accepted and reused him, and he was not discouraged. Disciple Zi Gong asked Confucius how to deal with beautiful jade, and Confucius answered without hesitation. Sell it, sell it, I'm waiting for someone who knows the goods to appear. ?
12. Haste makes waste.
[source]? Make haste slowly. Haste makes waste, and seeing small profits can't achieve great things. ? (Luz)
< Interpretation > Too impatient and eager for quick success, on the contrary, can't achieve the goal. . Many people in the world fail because of impatience and recklessness, so that they can't reach their destination in the dark, which is intended to warn others to be cautious.
13. A word prospers the country
[source]? One word can prosper the country, and there are many kinds ("Lutz")
& lt definition > a word can prosper the country.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Ding of Lu asked Confucius: Can a word make the country prosperous? Confucius said: The monarch loves his servants and cares about them. With one heart and one mind, the country can prosper. ? Ding Gong asked again:? Can a word make the country perish? Confucius said: Not all right. If the monarch doesn't raise any objection, he will die over time. ?
14. See Xian Siqi.
[Source] Confucius said:? How about seeing Si Qi? See Si Qi for introspection. ? ("Li Ren")
< Interpretation > When you meet a good person, you want to learn from him.
This is what Confucius said, and it is also the motto of Confucian self-cultivation in later generations. "See Si Qi" means that a good example will shock you and drive you to catch up; "Introspection when you see a bad example" means that a bad example can "teach" you. You should learn from it and don't fall with others.
15. Choose the good and follow.
[source]? In a threesome, there must be a teacher, and choose the good and follow it. ? ("Shu Er")
< Interpretation > refers to adopting correct suggestions or choosing good methods and systems to implement them.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei Xianzi, the ruling minister, divided the territory of Qi into seven counties and Yang into three counties, and appointed and promoted some local governors. He wanted to use Wei E, fearing that others would say he was selfish, and asked the doctor for a biography. Cheng Chuan thought that as long as he was talented and virtuous, he would not care about personal relationships. The key is whether he can choose kindness and obedience, and whether he can reward and punish clearly.
Classic Discourse on Personal Cultivation in The Analects of Confucius
1. Three provinces.
[Source] Ceng Zi said? I save myself three times a day. Is it cheating for others? Don't believe in making friends? Can't pass it on (Cher)
& lt definition > originally refers to checking yourself in many ways every day, and later refers to consciously checking yourself many times.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' students were studious and loved by Confucius. The students asked him why he had made such rapid progress. Zeng Shen said:? I ask myself many times every day: have I tried my best to do things for others? Is there anything dishonest about treating friends? Do the students taught by Mr. Wang study well? If you find something wrong, correct it immediately. ?
Perform their duties
[Source] Confucius said:? Do your duty to the teacher. ? (Wei Linggong)
The original meaning is benevolence, not humility. What I mean now is that when you meet something you should do, you should be brave enough to undertake it and never shirk it.
Confucius and Confucianism pay special attention to the harmony between teachers and students, emphasizing the dignity of teachers, and students must not violate teachers. This is under normal circumstances. However, in front of benevolence, even teachers are neither humble nor supercilious. This puts the realization of benevolence in the first place, and benevolence is the highest standard to measure all right, wrong, good and evil.
commit suicide
[source]? People with lofty ideals are benevolent, there is no harm in saving, and there is benevolence in death. ? (Wei Linggong)
& lt definition > The original meaning is to lay down one's life to perfect benevolence. Later, it generally refers to sacrificing one's own life to safeguard the just cause.
In the old society, people were short of food and clothing, and they could not prosper if they were sick. Ziluhuang, look: A gentleman also has a poor son: The gentleman is poor, and the villain is poor. ? Confucius said:? People with lofty ideals are benevolent, there is no harm in saving, and there is benevolence in death. ?
Be gentle
[source]? Quality is better than literature, literature is better than history, gentleness, and then gentleness. ? (Yongye)
The original shape makes people elegant and simple. The latter describes people's elegant manners and calm attitude.
? Gentle? We can work hard from the aspects of writing, art, aesthetic content and form, internal beauty and external beauty, simplicity and decoration. In order to understand and develop, "literature" and "quality" have become a pair of categories with rich connotations and extensive extensions and have been deeply studied.
5. The beauty of adults
[Source] Confucius said:? A virtuous person helps others to achieve their moral perfection, not their evil behavior. The villain is the opposite. ? (Yan Yuan)
The original intention is to encourage and help others to do good deeds. Later, it was used to refer to helping others realize their wishes and fulfill the good deeds of others.
In the Ming Dynasty, there was a man named Xie Zhen who was blind, but he was good at writing lyrics, which were widely sung among the people. When he arrived, Sun personally received him. Sun saw that the two men were talking about speculation, so he gave Jia and others a generous gift on New Year's Day the following year. The world calls Sun Mu the beauty of an adult and a gentleman. But it also reflects the meanness of ancient women and was given as a gift.
Let the past be the past.
[Source] Zi Wenzhi, saying:? If you don't say what you did, let bygones be bygones. ? (Bashu)
& lt No longer blames and punishes past mistakes and crimes.
7. Too much is too late
[Source] Yue:? However, the teacher and Confucius said:? Too much is too late. ? (advanced)
Too much, just like not enough, is not good.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zi Gong, a student of Confucius, asked Confucius who was smarter, his classmate Zhang Zi or Xia Zi. Confucius said that Zhang Zi often exceeded Zhou Li's requirements, while Xia Zi often failed to meet Zhou Li's requirements. Zi Gong asked Zhang Zichao if it was better. Confucius replied that the effect of exceeding and failing is the same.
8. reconsider
[source]? Ji Wenzi thinks twice before you act. ? (Gong Yechang)
Think carefully before you do it.
After carefully considering the pros and cons, we must make a comparison, make a decision and take immediate action. If you consider the pros and cons, and then come back to consider the pros and cons, then, in this cycle, there will never be peace, and eventually you will become a giant of consideration and a dwarf of action.
9. carefree
[source]? Eating all day without any intention is very uncomfortable! ? (Yang Huo)
< Interpretation > I didn't use my head. Metaphor doesn't care about anything.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius often taught his students to learn from Yan Hui, not to pursue wealth and enjoyment, but to study hard. Confucius said that if a person is full and has nothing to do all day and does not think hard, he will not achieve anything. Although the chess player is leisurely, he should be careful, which is much better than those who are full and have no intention of planting willow trees in the shade.
10. Feel the language and feelings
[source]? Look at what you say, look at what you say. ? (Yan Yuan)
< Interpretation > Speculate and observe other people's words and expressions to guess their thoughts (so that the camera can act).
Observing words and feelings is the basic skill to manipulate freely in all interpersonal relationships. ? Eyes? what's up Face? The most important thing to pay attention to. It can tell us the truth most involuntarily. People's sitting posture and clothes also help us to recognize others as a whole and be indifferent to their inner intentions.
1 1. The afterlife is great.
[Source] Confucius said:? The afterlife is awesome, I don't know if the newcomer is not now! ? (Zi Han)
< Interpretation > Young people are new forces, easily surpassing the older generation, and they are awesome.
Ouyang Xiu was rigorous in his studies until his later years. He often cleans up the articles he has written all his life and revises them, carefully scrutinizing every word. To this end, he worked hard all day, sometimes working late into the night. My wife saw that he was old and still working so hard, and she was worried that his overwork would affect her health.
She said to her husband with concern, "officer, why do you have to work so hard and sacrifice your health and well-being, and suffer so much for these words?" When the official is older and retired, are you afraid of being angry by your husband? " Ouyang Xiu replied: "I am not afraid of my husband's anger, but I am afraid of being laughed at in the afterlife. The afterlife is terrible!"
12. Take pleasure in forgetting your troubles
[Source] Confucius said:? Women don't say anything, but they are also people. She was angry and forgot to eat, and she was happy and forgot her troubles. I don't know if she is old enough. ? ("Shu Er")
I was so happy that I forgot my sadness.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius took his students to give lectures all over the world and came to Ye Yi, Chu. Ye Gong Shen Zhuliang received him. He didn't know Confucius very well, so he asked Luz quietly. He didn't know how to answer him at the moment. Confucius later learned that he said to Luz and then said:? He is also a human being, angry and forgetful, happy and forgetful, not knowing that old age is coming. ?
The Sentences about Personal Cultivation in The Analects of Confucius
1. Learn from time to time, don't you? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't he a completely moral person? Although people may not pay attention to him, he won't feel uneasy.
Confucius said:? Isn't it fun to study and keep reviewing? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't understand me, and I don't resent it. Aren't you also a gentleman?
2. Clever words, fresh and kind.
Confucius said:? People who are full of sweet words and smiles rarely show kindness. ?
3. Is it cheating for others? Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on?
Ceng Zi said? I have to examine myself many times every day: have I tried my best to do things for others, have I been insincere to my friends, and have I studied well what I have taught others. Pass? There are two interpretations of the word, one is the master's own, and the other is his own handed down from generation to generation. According to the above? Make friends for others? Push it when it is called. Pass it on to others .
4. Make friends and keep your word.
Atomic summer:? A gentleman can change color, parents can devote themselves, a gentleman can attract people, and a friend can keep his word. Although I haven't studied, I will call it learning. ?
Xia said:? People who value virtue over color, serve their parents, serve the king, sacrifice their lives for righteousness, make friends and keep promises, even if they don't study, I must think they are well educated. ?
A gentleman can't eat enough, settle down, be sensitive to things and speak carefully, so he can be said to be eager to learn.
Confucius said:? It can be said that a gentleman does not seek food satisfaction, comfort in life, sensitivity in work, prudence in words, and self-correction for those who do not seek to be virtuous. ?
6. Be knowledgeable, ask questions and think about problems; Benevolence is among them.
Xia said:? Extensive study, firm ambition, serious questions and thinking with practice are all among them. ?
7. If you cut it, it's like grinding.
Yuan Zigong said:? Poor but not flattering, rich but not arrogant, how can Confucius say: yes. If you are not poor, you will be happy, and if you are rich, you will be polite. ? Zi Gong said:? The poem says:? Like cutting, like cutting, like grinding, its name is like Confucius:? Give it, and then you can tell people who used to know it that "poetry" is over. ?
Translator Zi Gong said: Poverty is not flattering, wealth is not arrogant, what does Confucius say? That's enough. It is best to be poor and happy, rich and modest and polite. ? Zi Gong said:? Improve your self-cultivation, like carving bone utensils and ivory; Like carving jade, but also like carving stone. I'm afraid that's the truth. Zigong, I can talk to you about poetry now. Mention what you have learned, and you will know what you want to learn and give full play to it. ?
8. If you don't know what others don't know, you don't know what people are.
Confucius said:? I am not afraid that others will not understand me, but I am afraid that I will not understand others. ?
9. Three hundred poems, in one word, say: Innocent thinking.
Confucius said:? There are 305 articles in The Book of Songs, which can be summarized in one sentence. Pure in heart, doing all kinds of evil? . ?
10. Nine times out of ten, you are determined to learn, stand at 30, not confused at 40, know your destiny at 50, listen at 60, and walk at 70 without overstepping the bounds.
Confucius said:? At the age of fifteen, I was determined to study, and at the age of thirty, I achieved something. Forty years old, I'm not confused about anything. At fifty, I understood the laws of nature. At sixty, I can listen to different opinions. By the age of seventy, I can do anything I want without going beyond the rules. ?
1 1.
Confucius said:? Review what you have learned from time to time, so that you can gain new and deeper knowledge and become a teacher. ?
12. A gentleman cannot compare with others, and a villain cannot compare with others.
Confucius said:? Gentlemen unite the masses without collusion, while villains form gangs without uniting the masses. ?
13. Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also.
The atom said:? What do you know? A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know. ?
Confucius said:? Luz, do you know everything I told you? Knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This attitude is wise. ?
14. tolerable, intolerable.
Confucius said this about Ji's family. He danced in his own yard with the dance lineup of the Emperor of Heaven. Such a thing can be tolerated, but what can't be tolerated?
15. Guan Luo, happy but not lewd, sad but not hurt.
Confucius said:? Guan Yu, happy but not lewd, sad but not painful. ?
16. When you hear Tao, you will die in the evening.
Confucius said:? It is worthwhile to know the truth in the morning and die at night. ?
17. It is not enough to discuss those who are ambitious and ashamed of their poor food and clothing.
Confucius said:? It is not worth talking about with a person who is determined to pursue the truth and is ashamed of poor clothes. ?
18. Gentleman's righteousness, villain's benefit.
Confucius said:? A gentleman knows righteousness, but a villain knows self-interest. ?
19. See Xian Si Qi Yan, See Xian Si Qi for introspection.
Confucius said:? When you meet a saint, you should think of looking up to him; When you meet someone who is not virtuous, you should reflect on yourself. ?
20. It is rare to miss an appointment.
Confucius said:? People who can always restrain themselves will make fewer mistakes. ?
2 1. Germany is not alone, there must be neighbors.
Confucius said:? Moral people will not be isolated, there must be close people. ?
22. Dead wood cannot be carved, and the wall of dirt cannot be carved.
The original slaughter was asleep during the day. Confucius said:? Rotten wood can't be carved, and the wall of dirt can't be carved. Why punish it?
Zaiyu sleeps during the day. Confucius said:? You can't carve like rotten wood or draw like a dung wall. What do I blame this man for being slaughtered? Confucius added: at the beginning, I believed in human behavior after listening to his words; Now I listen to him and observe his behavior. Being killed has changed the way I observe people. ?
23. Listen to what you say and see what you do.
The translator said: I start from others, I listen to me and believe in me; Today, I am a man. I listen to his words and watch his actions. Giving and changing are. ?
24. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions.
Yuan Zigong asked: Why did Confucius call it that? Words? The leaf said:? Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions, what is this called? Words? Yes ?
Translator Gong asked:? How did Kong Wen get it? Words? Posthumous title Confucius said:? He is smart and eager to learn, and he is not ashamed to ask people who are less knowledgeable than himself, so he is called? Words? . ?
25. Look before you leap.
Wen Zi, look before you leap. Wen Zi said? Again, it's okay. ?