Tao Xingzhi (189 1 ~ 1946) is a great people's educator. Formerly known as Wen, later changed to Zhixing and Xingzhi, from Shexian County, Anhui Province. 19 14 graduated from Jinling university and then studied at Columbia university. 1965438+returned to China in the autumn of 2007, and served as professor of Nanjing Normal University, director of education, and director of education department of Southeast University. 1920, director of Ren Zhonghua education improvement society. In the same year, Zhu Heyan initiated the establishment of China Civilian Education Promotion Association, and served as executive secretary, devoted to the cause of civilian education. 1926, drafting and publishing the Declaration of China Education Reform Institute on Transforming Rural Education in China. 1927 founded Xiaozhuang Normal School as the principal. After the September 18th Incident, the National Disaster Education Society was organized, and the "Shanhai Engineering Corps" was established, which advocated the adoption of "Mr. Xiao" and the practice of "once you know it, you can pass it on". Initiate the establishment of life education society. Life Education is published bimonthly in 1934. After the December 29th Movement, he took an active part in the anti-Japanese democratic movement, and together with Shen Junru, he issued the declaration "Unite against aggression", proposing that education must serve the national revolution and the democratic revolution. From 65438 to 0945, he joined the China Democratic League and served as the Standing Committee of the Central Committee and Chairman of the Education Committee. He is the author of Complete Works of Tao Xingzhi (six volumes) and Universal Education (three episodes).

On the basis of criticizing Dewey's "education is life", Tao Xingzhi put forward the ideas of "life is education", "society is school" and "integration of teaching and learning", and formed the educational thought of "life education".

"Education is life" is the core of Tao Xingzhi's life education theory. In Tao Xingzhi's view, education and life are the same process, education is contained in life, and education can only play a role if it is combined with life. He advocates that education and life should be completely integrated? Quot The core content of "life is education" is "education is what you live". Tao Xingzhi believes that people have different lives in society, so they receive different education. "To live a good life is to receive a good education; Living a bad life is a bad education, and living a purposeful life is a purposeful education. " He also pointed out: "Life education is innate and walks with life. Born to break; Graduation is only when you go to the coffin. " It can be seen that "education" mentioned by Tao Xingzhi refers to lifelong education, which is based on "life", and education that is not combined with real life is not real education. He resolutely opposes the death of education, schools and books without "life-centered".

Tao Xingzhi believes that "lifestyle contains all kinds of things, and everything in life belongs to it". "Life" is not usually understood in a narrow sense, but? Quot The meaning of life practice has a wide range of meanings. "Life" includes the whole nature and human social life, and it is the general name of all human practical activities. "Life is education" is essentially that life determines education and education changes life. Specifically, the purpose, content, principles and methods of education are determined by life; Education should run through life; The whole life should have a complete education; Life is developing, so is education. Education transforms life means that education is not passively restricted by life, but has a dynamic role in promoting life. The essence of life education embodies the dialectical relationship between life and education. Tao Xingzhi believes: "In ordinary life, find out the special significance of education and give full play to the special power of education. At the same time, in special education, it is necessary to find out the general life connection, which has a universal and profound impact on general life. Expand education to all areas of life and raise life to the level that education should achieve. "

"Society is School" comes from Dewey's "School is Society", which is based on the criticism of Dewey's educational thought. Tao Xingzhi believes that under the idea of "school is society", there are too few things in schools, so it is better to advocate "society is school" in turn. Educational materials, educational methods, educational tools and educational environment can be greatly increased, as can students and teachers. "Society is school" is closely related to "life is education", which is a different interpretation of the same meaning of "life is education" and its logical extension and guarantee. Because the "life" of life education is social life. Quot The movement of the whole society belongs to the category of education, and there is no need to talk about any connection, but its blood is naturally connected. "

The basic idea of "society is school" is to oppose the "minority education" divorced from life and the people, and advocate the use of the strength of all sectors of society to get through the connection between schools and society, establish schools that people need, and cultivate talents that society needs. Really put the school into the society, make the school closely connected with the society, and make the school a necessity of social life. Therefore, the real meaning of "society is school" is to run schools according to social needs. As far as the content of education is concerned, people can do whatever education they need. As far as the form of education is concerned, any form of school is suitable. "Society is school" is not the theory of school extinction, but the theory of school transformation, which transforms old schools to meet the needs of social development.