The word "Putonghua" appeared as early as the late Qing Dynasty. 1902, Wu Rulun, a scholar, visited Japan, and the Japanese suggested to him that China should carry out Putonghua education to unify the language. The name "Mandarin" was mentioned in the conversation. 1904, when Qiu Jin, a modern female revolutionary, was studying in Japan, she organized a "lecture liaison meeting" with students studying in Japan, and drew up a booklet, in which the name "Putonghua" appeared.

As the political, economic and cultural center of China, Beijing has lasted for more than 800 years. Due to the concentration of economy and politics, the influence of Beijing dialect has gradually increased and its status has become increasingly important. On the one hand, Beijing dialect, as the official common language, has spread all over the country and become "Mandarin", which has gradually become the common language used in various dialect areas.

On the other hand, vernacular literature works based on northern dialects, especially operas since Yuan and Ming Dynasties, are also more influenced by Beijing dialect. In this way, Beijing dialect has laid a solid foundation for the standard pronunciation of the common language of the Han nationality.

Extended data

1953, the central people's government took Luanping County, Chengde City, Jehol Province, one of the four eastern provinces, as the main collection place of standard putonghua pronunciation. 1955, it was determined that the name of modern standard Chinese was changed from Mandarin to Mandarin, and it was written into the Constitution as the national common language. After the standard was formulated, the State Council issued the Instruction on Promoting Putonghua on February 6th, 1956, which was popularized throughout the country. ?

Article 19 of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The state promotes Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country."

Modern standard Chinese is the national language of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China). Due to political reasons, the appellations of Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province are different, but their connotations are the same, and they are both modern standard Chinese.

The characteristics of Putonghua pronunciation are as follows: the initials have no voiced sound except the fricative sound, nasal sound and marginal sound behind the tip of the tongue; Vowels are polyphonic, and nasal vowels are divided into two types: front and back; Initial consonants have no voiced opposition, no entering rhyme, sharp combined sound flow, few tones, simple mode, soft voice and nursery rhymes.

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