Teaching process is a kind of bilateral activity process composed of teachers' teaching and students' learning. That is, according to the teaching purpose, task and the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, teachers guide students to master systematic cultural and scientific basic knowledge and skills in a purposeful and planned way, and at the same time promote students' physical and mental development and cultivate students' ideological and moral character.
(A) the rule of combining indirect experience with direct experience (indirect rule)
Direct experience is the experience that students know, perceive and summarize in the process of exploring and transforming the world.
Indirect experience is all the experience accumulated by human beings in the evolution of civilization history, which is mainly manifested in cultural achievements such as natural science, social science and humanities. It is the experience of predecessors and others obtained by individuals through activities such as communication.
1. Students mainly study indirect experience.
Students should learn indirect experience on the basis of direct experience.
For example, grafting is called grafting.
(B) the law of the unity of mastering knowledge and developing intelligence (development law)
There are differences and connections between mastering knowledge and developing ability, which are both unified and mutually reinforcing.
1. Mastering knowledge is the basis of developing ability.
2. Ability development is an important condition for mastering knowledge.
Lenin once said, "We need to use the knowledge of basic facts to develop and increase the thinking ability of every learner."
(three) the law of the unity of imparting knowledge and ideological and moral education (education law; Knowledge, emotion,
The law of unity of meaning)
1. Knowledge is the basis of ideological and moral formation.
2. The improvement of ideology and morality has laid the foundation for them to actively learn knowledge.
3. The combination of knowledge imparting and ideological and moral education.
Example: Respect morality, ask politics, teach and educate people.
(D) the law of the unity of teacher-led and student-centered (bilateral law)
Teaching means that teachers teach and students learn. In the teaching activities organized by teachers, students are the main body of learning, and teachers play a leading and guiding role in students' learning.
1. Teachers are in the position of organizers in the teaching process and should give full play to their leading role.
2. Students are in the position of learning subject in the teaching process and should give full play to their initiative.
3. Establish a cooperative, friendly, democratic and equal teacher-student relationship.
Example: the master leads the door to practice in the individual; Teachers' teaching depends on students' learning, and students' learning cannot be separated from teachers' teaching.
Exercise. Exercise:
1. Radio Herbart pointed out: "I don't think there can be any education without teaching. On the contrary, I don't admit that there can be any teaching without education." This sentence shows that the teaching rule is ().
A. Indirect B. Development C. Education D. Bilateral
1. Answer C. Analysis: Herbart: "I can't think of any education without teaching, just as I don't admit that there is any teaching without education. On the contrary." This sentence embodies the educational principle of teaching, that is, the process of integrating knowledge and practice in teaching. So choose C.
2. The teaching process of judgment questions is a process of combining indirect experience with direct experience, and it is also a process of unifying mastering knowledge and developing intelligence. ( )
2. Answer √. Analysis: The basic laws of the teaching process include: the unity of indirect experience and direct experience (indirect law), the unity of mastering knowledge and developing ability (development law), the unity of teacher-led and student-centered (bilateral law), and the unity of imparting knowledge and ideological and moral education (educational law). Therefore, the teaching process is a process of combining indirect experience with direct experience, and it is also a process of unifying mastering knowledge and developing intelligence. So right.