Mencius (about 372 BC-289 BC) was born in Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period.
A famous philosopher, thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period, one of the representatives of Confucianism, was second only to Confucius, and was also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Advocating "benevolent government", he first put forward the idea that "the people are more expensive than the monarch".
Mencius once followed the example of Confucius and led his disciples around the world, but it was not accepted by all countries at that time, and then he retired to write books with his disciples. Mencius' and his disciples' remarks were compiled into Mencius, which is one of the classic works of Confucianism.
2. Song Lian
Song Lian (1310165438+1October 4th-13865438+June 20th), whose real name is Shou, whose real name is Jinglian, whose real name is Qianxi, whose real name is Longmenzi. Originally from Jinhua, he moved to the west (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) and later moved to Pujiang, Jinhua (now Pujiang, Zhejiang).
Famous politicians, writers, historians and thinkers in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty were called "the great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty" with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, and "the four gentlemen in eastern Zhejiang" with Zhang Yi, Liu Ji and Ye Chen.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the head of the founding civil servants", and scholars called him Taishigong and Song Longmen.
Both Song Lian and Liu Ji are famous for their prose creation, and they are called "the Sect of a Generation". His prose is either concise or graceful and elegant, each with its own characteristics. He admired Taige literature, and his style was honest and elegant, which provided a model for the literary creation of later "Taige style" writers. Most of his works were carved into seventy-five volumes of The Complete Works of Song and Shi Xue.
Extended data:
1, Introduction to Mencius' Works
Mencius is a compilation of Mencius' speeches, compiled by Mencius and his disciples. It records Mencius' language, political views (benevolent politics, Wang Ba's debate, people-oriented, respecting the right and wrong of the monarch, and valuing the people over the monarch) and political actions, which belong to Confucian classics.
His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books.
Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a family heirloom. Mencius is the longest and heaviest of the four books, with more than 35 thousand words. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination.
2. Introduction of Song Lian's works
The Complete Works of Song Dynasty, also known as the Complete Works of Song Wenxian or the Collected Works of Song Dynasty, consists of 75 volumes and is the collected works of Song Lian, a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty.
His works include New Filial Piety Classic, On Zhou Liji, Longmenzi, Hidden Creek Collection, Luoshan Collection, Puyang Character Story, Hanyuan Collection, Zhiyuan Collection and so on. Song Lian emphasized that Ming Dow should seek truth from facts, learn classics and strive for the unity of theory, skill and language.
Youchang's essays, such as Biography of Qin Shilu, Biography of Wang Mian and Biography of Li Yichuan, can grasp the details, highlight the personality, exaggerate less, but are deeply infected.
Scenery such as "Preface to Peach Blossom Creek Poetry" and "Huancui Pavilion" are simple and delicate, like Ouyang Xiu. The work "Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang" was included in the eighth grade Chinese textbook of People's Education Publishing House.