How to implement the classic education of Chinese studies in moral education in primary schools
With the in-depth development of China's economy, politics and culture, a craze for Chinese studies has swept the whole cultural field, which has once again aroused people's strong interest in China's traditional culture oriented by moral and ethical values. Ethic-oriented Chinese studies provide a new direction for moral education of primary school students. This paper analyzes and discusses how to implement Chinese classic education in primary school moral education from three aspects: the rich moral education resources contained in Chinese classics, the moral education significance in Chinese classics and how to use Chinese classics for moral education. Moral education of primary school students plays an important role in primary school teaching. Social morality education based on five loves and related social common sense education are old-fashioned and easy to make students feel bored. China's traditional cultural classics contain excellent traditional virtues, which play a positive role in cultivating the moral quality of primary school students. Accumulating these classics in their minds will subtly affect their attitude and direction in life in the future. Therefore, moral education by using China's classics is an important way for primary school students' moral education. First, Chinese classics contain rich moral education resources. China traditional culture has a long history. Five thousand years of cultural accumulation has nurtured the refined personality of the Chinese nation, which is honest, friendly, gentle and polite. The classics of Chinese studies are not only the proof of China's long-standing traditional culture, but also the foundation for every China person to survive in the world, and they are also our indispensable spiritual strength. For example, The Analects of Confucius, a very important classic in ancient China, contains rich life experience and life wisdom such as standing, doing things, reading and being in politics. It integrates politics, ethics, morality and education, and its core is to be a man and cultivate one's morality. It puts forward many principles and maxims of being a man. For example, a gentleman must keep his word, and his deeds must bear fruit. He should be straight and avoid an unsuccessful life by luck. Only the benevolent can distinguish between good and evil and so on. , with universal significance. Another example is Disciples Rules. Although there are only 1080 words and 360 sentences in total, it summarizes a person's attitude and etiquette on how to honor parents, love brothers, get in the way, treat others, cultivate one's morality and study. The principles expounded in Disciples Rules, such as contempt for property, resentment, forbearance in words and self-blame; If you want to add people, ask yourself first, or you will be quick if you don't; Do things for the father, like the father, and be a brother like a brother; The doctrine of loving the masses and being kind to others applies to different religions, races, countries and all walks of life, men, women and children. The preface of Disciples Rules is also a summary of the educational experience of ancient Chinese people, which conforms to the educational law. Other classics, such as Children's Classics, Filial Piety Classics, Book of Rites, Family Instructions of Yan, etc., all contain excellent traditional virtues. Learning the classics of Chinese studies can enable primary school students to systematically face the essence of China traditional culture, accept the influence of China traditional culture and traditional virtues, and form excellent moral quality in a subtle way. Second, the moral significance analysis of Chinese classics (1) Chinese classics conform to the characteristics of primary school students' cognitive psychological development. Modern psychological research shows that children before 13 years old have strong memory ability, but their logical thinking reasoning ability and abstract thinking ability are weak and have not been fully developed. Let children learn China cultural classics as soon as possible, accept traditional excellent culture, that is, in the golden age of his purest mind and best memory, let him come into contact with the most intelligent and valuable classics. Accumulating these classics in his mind, although not fully understood at this time, will exert a subtle influence on his future attitude and direction in his young mind. Use culture to gradually cultivate his fortune and open his wisdom, thus laying a solid foundation for his lofty insight and beautiful personality. And with the increase of age, knowledge and experience, they will gradually strengthen their understanding of classics, which will become the source of wisdom, benefit, inspiration and growth in his life. (2) The essence of classical education of Chinese studies lies in osmosis rather than indoctrination. At present, primary education in China is one-sided in instilling knowledge and skills, seeking quick success and instant benefit, which makes children physically and mentally exhausted. Ignore the core value of children's development-oriented education and ignore the scientific laws of education. Nowadays, some institutions use the misunderstanding of society and parents to attract people's attention under the banner of cultivating little prodigies and geniuses, in fact, in order to earn thousands of dollars in tuition fees. This kind of encouragement and taking education as the result of business and industry mislead children's development. Learning the classics of Chinese studies can not only help children know more words, lay a solid foundation of Chinese and cultivate cultural temperament, but more importantly, it can enlighten their minds, cultivate their conduct, improve their self-cultivation, cultivate their elegant demeanor and understand the truth of being a man. In the final analysis, it is to improve people's fundamental quality. When children don't fully understand the classics of ancient poetry, giving them classics is actually an excellent measure to inherit civilization. Young minds are pure and empty, and the foundation of classics can stimulate their cultural yearning for life. Children are trained in this way since childhood, and Chinese classics will plant seeds in their hearts. As they grow up, they will go hand in hand with them and have a positive impact on their lives. It is very important to integrate Chinese classics into children's life bit by bit, cultivate children with a national emotional character, and cultivate their supreme personality advocated by Confucius and Mencius. (3) A large number of moral education contents in Chinese classics are close to the reality of primary school students' life, easy to understand and easy to use. "University" emphasizes that from Tian Zi to Shu Ren, self-cultivation is the foundation. Zhu also pointed out that primary schools learn their own things, while universities learn their own principles. Therefore, the classic content of moral education revolves around people's daily life, focusing on telling people some basic principles and norms in daily life, emphasizing starting from daily behavior norms, starting from filial piety, respecting elders, caring for brothers and trusting friends, and gradually improving their moral quality from near to far and from small to large, rather than from the vague truth of life reality. Operating in real life, over time, gradually forming habits, which is also an important reason for the remarkable effect of moral education. Chinese studies are extensive and profound, and children have begun to contact Chinese studies with gratifying changes. Children reflect on themselves in their daily lives and behaviors, and discover and correct themselves. The child quickly applied what he had learned, and when he got home, he began to correct his words and deeds against books. This traditional education in China is a new type of education that integrates the functions of educating people and learning. Children should not only learn knowledge, but also learn to be human. Third, the principles and methods of moral education by using Chinese classics (1) The teaching materials should conform to the laws and levels of children's cognitive development. The classics of Chinese studies are of great moral significance, but not all classics are suitable for all primary school students to learn. According to the personality characteristics of primary school students of different ages, we should choose appropriate teaching materials, from the superficial to the deep, from the outside to the inside, from behavior to habit, and carry out moral education. In the lower grades of primary school, you can choose works with simple content, easy to understand and catchy. (B) set an example, teachers should set an example. The word "teaching" means "teaching", and the book "Explaining Chinese Characters" says that what is applied from above is effective from below. Cultivating words is to cultivate children and make them better. Therefore, the root of education is the filial piety of the boss, cultivating his virtue and teaching him to be good. Moral education is carried out under the guidance of teachers. Teachers should set an example for students and ask them to do what they want first, so as to be authoritative and convincing. Confucius said: it is right but not ordered; Although his body is not straight, he can't obey orders. Therefore, it is not primary school students who have to learn first. It is the teacher who urgently needs to learn, teaching others before teaching himself. So setting an example is the most important. In the process of education, we should integrate its profound principles of being a man into every day of teachers and students, into every moment of being a man, into everything in life and into the tiny details of doing everything. A gentleman talks but doesn't do it, especially a teacher. A teacher can influence a child's life, so we must set a good example for the child and achieve his life. (C) in the teaching process, pay attention to the transformation of traditional ideas. Although there are many places worth learning from in Chinese classics, in actual teaching, teachers should be careful not to copy mechanically, but to transform traditional concepts into modern ones. Dr. Liu Xinming from the Institute of Literature, History and Philosophy of Shanda University pointed out that the modern transformation of traditional ideas is a key issue that needs to be paid attention to in Chinese studies education. It is necessary to realize cultural inheritance among children, but also to be careful not to let the younger generation stick to the rules. For example, today, the story of Huang Xiang's warm banquet in "Twenty-four Filial Pieties" is no longer in ordinary families. Through such stories, students should understand the filial piety of sharing worries and caring for their parents. (4) Be flexible in the way of education. It is the nature of primary school students to be fun and active. Therefore, in the process of learning Chinese classics, we can take the following ways to turn boring into vivid: 1. Game method. Is a very good way to increase the number of games. Try to design traditional cultural knowledge into games, so that students can learn while playing, and make education entertaining. 2. situational method. Situational method is to conform to the nature of primary school students, using multimedia technology to create the artistic conception and scene of learning ancient documents. Beautiful classical music, colorful pictures and lively and interesting animations make students' body and mind integrated into the study of Chinese studies. 3. Read aloud. Reading aloud is the most commonly used method in traditional teaching in China. Practice has proved that students can understand and internalize their thoughts with the growth of age by practicing thousands of songs and then recognizing the sounds, reading ten thousand swords and reading them a hundred times, and its significance is self-evident. Teachers can organize students' reading in many ways, such as individual reading, group reading, men's and women's competition reading, reading together, posing in the recitation circle and so on. 4. Activity method. Conditional schools can also hold certain activities, such as reading with music, sitcom competitions, etc., so that students can create certain real situations through activities and strengthen their understanding and comprehension. In a word, China's traditional moral culture for thousands of years has provided us with many contents for reference. We should see the promotion of Chinese studies on primary school students' moral education from the craze of Chinese studies, actively explore the positive factors and integrate traditional culture into modern moral education.