Teachers are professionals who perform their education and teaching duties, and undertake the mission of teaching and educating people, cultivating social builders and improving the quality of the people. Broadly speaking, teachers and educators are the same language; Teachers in a narrow sense refer to full-time teachers in schools.

The concept of "teacher" is related to the development of education and teachers' profession. Clan leaders and elders with production and life experience of ancient primitive tribes consciously spread their production knowledge and life experience, especially customs and codes of conduct, to the younger generation for the survival and development of the tribe itself, so they became the earliest part-time teachers. After the school came into being, full-time teachers appeared. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, politics and religion were integrated, and officials and teachers were integrated. There are full-time teachers in official schools, which are divided into "masters" and "small teachers". During the Warring States period, Han Feizi advocated taking law as teaching and officials as teachers. In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), Prime Minister Li Si adopted the suggestion of "learning statutes and taking officials as teachers" and implemented the system of officials and teachers. After the Han Dynasty, there were full-time teachers in central and local official schools, such as doctors, wine-offering, teaching assistants, direct lectures, canon studies and so on. After the Tang Dynasty, there were full-time teachers, such as "offering wine", "principal", "doctor" and "teaching assistant". In addition to official schools, private schools rose after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with both officials working part-time and resigned full-time teachers. There are also famous Confucian masters who don't want to be an official and retire to teach; There are also poor literati as rural teachers and calligraphers. In ancient China, teachers mostly took "knowledge" and "character" as the standard. The so-called "wisdom is like a spring, and actions can be used as tools, and people can be teachers" (Biographies of Han Poems), "Teachers are also teachers" (Yang Xiong, Fa Yan, learning to be an excellent official), and "Teachers are teachers, so they teach and solve doubts". Teachers' functions are mainly manifested in social function, political and moral function and educational function.

In the west, the "wise school" in ancient Greece was the earliest teacher, who made a living by teaching ignorant people knowledge. In the Middle Ages, monastic schools and missionary schools were mostly taught by monks, priests and priests.

In modern times, with the institutionalization of education, teaching has become an increasingly important profession, and the social function of teachers has become increasingly prominent. For example, the British philosopher Bacon once called teachers "disseminators of scientific knowledge, cultivators of the tree of civilization and designers of human souls". Russian educator ushinski said: "If a teacher does not lag behind the progress of modern society, he will feel that he is an active member of the great organization to overcome human ignorance and bad habits, a middleman between all noble and great people in the past history and the new generation, and a preserver of the sacred heritage of those who struggle for truth and happiness." Kalinin, a Soviet educator, called teachers "engineers of the human soul". Yang Changji, an educator in China, said that teachers have a "sacred duty, which lies here". All these reveal the historical and practical significance of teachers in the development of human society.

Contemporary education has become the driving force of social sustainable development, and the role of teachers is also strengthening and expanding. Teachers are not only the inheritors and disseminators of human culture, but also the creators of social material wealth and an important force in social development and reform. Teachers should not only spread knowledge, but also cultivate students' intelligence and ability, cultivate students' sentiment, care for and guide students' learning and all-round growth. In short, there are essential differences between "teacher" in the modern sense and "teacher" in the ancient sense: first, it is multifunctional; The second is specialization. As a teacher, you must be trained and get a certificate. Third, high quality and richer connotation of modern teachers are the unity of "Confucian classics" and "human teachers"; Fourth, it is developing. Modern teachers must constantly update their knowledge structure and ability structure through lifelong learning and become people who can learn.

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