2. Emphasizing the authoritative role and the central position of teachers has formed the characteristics of teacher center, textbook center and classroom center in traditional education.
According to the analysis of the concept of interest, Herbart distinguishes different stages: attention, expectation, requirement and action. Herbart divides the teaching process into four stages according to the four stages of interest: clarity, association, system and method.
Principle of education and teaching: "I think there is no education without teaching." On the contrary, I don't recognize any teaching without education. " In the history of western teaching, Herbart first put forward the concept of "education and teaching".
Educational purpose: to improve moral standards and cultivate good social citizens. Herbart put forward that morality is the highest purpose of education. Educational purposes can be divided into possible purposes and necessary purposes.