With the country's reform and opening up, the popularity of piano education in China has developed rapidly. The number of children learning piano is gradually increasing, and the age of entering school is also advancing day by day. This not only promotes the development of piano teaching, but also puts forward higher requirements for piano teachers. Here I want to talk about the target = "_ blank" class = "keylink "> children's piano.
First, the first step in learning the piano
Enlightenment; It means that beginners can get basic and introductory knowledge. So enlightenment is also called getting started. In the division of piano learning stages, some people classify enlightenment teaching as the primary stage, while others classify enlightenment teaching as the stage, the latter is intended to highlight the importance of enlightenment teaching and attract people's attention. In teaching practice, we often hear such an argument:? If you can't teach in depth, isn't it easy to teach at all? Learn from the teacher first, and then change to a good teacher later. For some people, enlightenment teaching starts from scratch, which is the most irrelevant and simple thing. On the contrary, piano enlightenment teaching is like building a tall building. You must lay a good foundation first. If the foundation is not firm and crooked, the building will not be built high. Even if it is barely covered, it will crack sooner or later. The enlightenment stage in piano teaching directly affects students' future development. First of all, can students love piano art, and then lay a good foundation to develop to a higher level. Irresponsible enlightenment teaching will mislead students and parents and make them preconceived; And form many irregular and even wrong habits and methods. Even if you meet a good teacher in the future, it is difficult to correct it, and you often have to give up halfway.
The teaching objects of children's piano enlightenment teaching are mostly preschool children, and it is generally appropriate to start learning piano at the age of five. Too young, the fingers are soft and difficult to adapt; If you are too old, you will miss the best period of brain nerve development. The size of natural age is only one aspect of reference. The most important thing is to look at the child's physical and psychological adaptability, and to examine the child's intellectual development and musical quality. Children who start to learn piano should at least be able to distinguish between left and right hands, five fingers and dozens or more. The conditions of hands should be loose, big, wide palms and long fingers. As a general study, there is no need to be too demanding, but for children with weak knuckles, it is more beneficial to delay playing the piano a little. The investigation of children's musical quality can be carried out by letting children perform programs. Whether singing or dancing, children's sense of rhythm and music will be reflected. Then test children's musical hearing, memory and imitation by simulating the pitch of piano or human voice and tapping various rhythm groups. For children who already have the basic conditions, they should do some preparatory work before playing the piano. First, let the children listen to and feel the music played by the piano, let the children shake their bodies with the sound of the piano, sing their familiar songs with the sound of the piano, and let the children get close to the piano unconsciously and become friends; Second, we should design various games to make children familiar with the keyboard and learn to read music. Children under five can easily master the most basic knowledge of reading music through a few phonetic symbols. Mastering the knowledge of reading music will eliminate the obstacles of playing music on the piano. Third, we should create opportunities for children to watch the performances of their peers before they formally learn the piano, stimulate their interest and enthusiasm in learning, and turn what I want to learn into what I want to learn.
The first step of children's piano enlightenment teaching is to learn the correct playing posture. First, let children learn to sit. The position where the player sits should be aimed at the center of the piano (piano keyhole or key seam), the height of the seat should be on the same horizontal line with the keyboard, and the elbow bend in front of and behind the seat should be slightly larger than the right angle. Put your feet in front of the pedal and bend your knees not less than a right angle. The upper body should be straight and natural, the body should lean forward slightly, the shoulders and shoulders should be relaxed, only one-third of the seats should be taken, and the support of hips and feet to the center of gravity should be felt. The player's hand posture should be natural and round, the palm joints should be propped up, the knuckles should be prominent, the degree of finger bending changes with the length of fingers, the wrists should be naturally flat and the elbows should be relaxed. Use vivid language when teaching children. For example, let children imagine that they have caught a very cute bug in each hand, and they can neither crush it nor let it escape. So I hold my little hand into a hollow cylindrical shape, and then put the bugs on the keyboard for them to play with. Then slowly loosen the four fingers (2-5) until the fingertips are aligned with the keyboard, and then the basic hand shape for playing the piano is found.
The basic playing methods include three basic methods, namely, non-Legato, Legato and staccato, and their comprehensive application. A good habit of reading music refers to playing while reading music, paying attention to the music score and keyboard with your eyes. There is a time difference between reading music and playing music, reading music with your eyes in advance, and reading music in strict accordance with the five good (good sound, good rhythm, good fingering, good playing method and good expression). The cultivation of basic posture, the study of basic playing methods and the cultivation of good reading habits are the basic conditions for independent piano practice. Only when students have the ability to practice piano independently can they improve their learning awareness and form a virtuous circle. As the training of abstract art and hearing, let students know at the beginning of enlightenment that the purpose of practice is to play music, express music, know how to listen to music with their ears and test music. This is very difficult for children. Therefore, it is also required according to the actual situation of the child.
Second, the choice and use of teaching materials
With the development of piano universal education in China, more and more enlightenment textbooks have been introduced and compiled, which on the one hand provides reference and choice for enlightenment teaching, on the other hand increases the difficulty of textbook selection. Textbooks play a very important role in the success or failure of teaching, so teachers should make good preparations for textbooks before starting children's enlightenment teaching. In the current popular children's enlightenment textbooks, it can be roughly divided into three kinds of staff introduction, namely, the introduction of high-pitched notation, the introduction of central C and the introduction of multi-tones. The traditional enlightenment textbook "Bayer Piano Basic Course" adopts the introductory method of tenor notation. At present, the Thomson simple piano course 1-5, which is widely used in China, starts from the central C and learns high and low points at the same time, and gradually expands to high and low notes. Multi-tone lead-in method is a new method adopted abroad in recent years, also known as multi-tone lead-in method. It is to let children master the relationship between lines and keys in the staff, break the limitation of scale in C major, and be familiar with different units and keyboards with twelve tonality. The textbook of this introductory method has not been popularized in China. In addition, there are interval entry methods and various comprehensive entry methods. When choosing children's piano enlightenment textbooks, we should not only consider the characteristics and limitations of a certain introductory method, but also comprehensively measure the scientific, interesting and practical nature of the textbooks. Of course, after selecting excellent textbooks correctly, there is still an important problem, that is, how to use textbooks, including the horizontal collocation of various textbooks. Join Bayer's basic piano course in time to strengthen Legato training, and join Thompson's simple piano course to start the training of sight-reading ability and musical expression as soon as possible. In the third volume, a large number of world famous songs will greatly broaden children's musical horizons. After the first stage of non-Legato playing in children's piano enlightenment teaching is completed, children can start to implement basic training-finger practice in due course. The training of basic skills depends on accumulation, so we should start as soon as possible. Basic skills training is rather boring, so it should be less but better. Children's Piano Finger Practice compiled by Li absorbs the essence of many foreign piano finger exercises, and combines the physical and intellectual characteristics of Chinese children: in use, as long as students choose to practice purposefully according to their actual situation and stick to it for a long time, good results will be achieved.
Third, parents' cooperation and guidance.
The success or failure of children's piano enlightenment teaching depends on three factors. First, the child's talent and diligence; Second, the level and attitude of teachers; The third is the cooperation and guidance of parents. These three factors influence each other and complement each other. Teachers should not only teach students well, but also guide parents to give reasonable guidance and tacit cooperation. The correct cooperation and guidance of parents first comes from their correct understanding of children's piano learning. Both parents should reach an agreement before the child starts to learn the piano. If one advocates learning piano and the other advocates learning dance, once they learn, the contradictions between the two sides will intensify and the children will be at a loss. On the basis of reaching a consensus, we should have a clear understanding of learning piano. For the vast majority of children, learning piano is only to improve their quality, develop their intelligence and cultivate their ability. Even gifted children can't set the goal of becoming a pianist at the beginning of enlightenment teaching. They rush in and make unrealistic demands, which often backfire.
The cooperation between parents and teachers is mainly implemented in the tutoring of all exercises after class. Preschool children need the help of their parents when they receive the piano enlightenment teaching, just like they just learned to walk. However, this kind of help can neither replace feeding, nor become a slap and ruler. Now many parents have realized the importance of counseling, and since their children learned the piano, they have invested a lot of time and energy in studying with their children. At the beginning of children's piano learning, parents should first help their children to develop good practice habits, such as washing their hands, manicure, checking the height and position of piano benches and foot pads, arranging appropriate lighting for their children, etc., to make all kinds of preparations for practicing piano, avoid the interference of drinking water and going to the toilet after playing piano, and strive for one practice to concentrate until the practice requirements are completed. Children learn the piano for reasons of intelligence and ability. Parents can help them remember the teacher's requirements in class, and repeatedly emphasize in practice that they should cultivate their children's ability to practice the piano independently step by step as soon as possible. Parents should help their children learn to arrange the daily practice content, practice focus and practice objectives, and must not simply specify how much to play, otherwise at best, there will be quantitative changes, not qualitative changes. Parents should find problems in time during their children's practice and communicate with teachers in time. Study specific solutions. Parents should encourage their children's learning attitude and performance, and point out some shortcomings that can be improved better.
Fourth, the principles of children's piano practice
For the arrangement of children's piano practice, the following principles should generally be adhered to:
(1) Fixing the time for practicing the piano when children are full of energy is beneficial to concentrate, ensure quality and cultivate good study habits.
(2) Children around the age of 5 generally focus on about 20 minutes, and it is advisable to arrange 20-30 minutes for each exercise, two or three times a day, and eat less and eat more meals to facilitate digestion.
(3) Every time you practice the piano, you should have clear requirements and specific goals. Don't simply stipulate how many times to play and how many hours to play. You should have quality and quantity.
(4) Insist on practicing the piano continuously every day. Piano learning depends on accumulation, and good study habits should be cultivated through perseverance. Practicing piano every day can cultivate children's perseverance and quality.
Eight taboos for teaching children
(1) Avoid stylization. Every class is always from finger exercises to scale arpeggios, etudes and music, which makes children feel monotonous. In fact, in order to improve the quality of class, children and parents will try their best to practice once or twice before class. Therefore, in class, children can play their favorite and most confident songs first, so as to face the teacher confidently and perform seriously. Some stories are interspersed in the classroom to explain the music and sing on the piano, which makes the classroom diversified and interesting.
(2) Don't interrupt the performance when something goes wrong. It is inevitable that children will make such mistakes when playing. When children make mistakes in performance, the teacher will immediately interrupt the performance and point out the problem, which will dampen the young mind that they originally wanted to show in front of teachers and parents. After several times, children will lose confidence and desire to play, and even have dissatisfaction. The teacher wants them to play a song confidently and completely like a performance, and then make comments.
(3) Avoid blind criticism and reprimand. For children's psychology, blindly criticizing and reprimanding will only make them feel fear, lose confidence and put teachers on the opposite side. The wrong playing in the review class is not so much how it happened. For example, today is better than last time. It would be better if these mistakes were corrected. The latter will make the child feel that the teacher is standing with him, encourage him to make progress and have a sense of closeness.
(4) Don't cover everything. Briefly summarize the problems existing in students' performance, including the problems in playing methods and playing tracks, and clearly tell students what problems to solve after class and what problems to solve first.
(5) Don't just talk without practice. Teachers should not only point out the problems and mistakes in the process of learning the piano in time and clearly, but also let the children practice on the spot to understand and understand the difference between mistakes and correctness in practice. For the specific practice methods after class, children should also be allowed to do it in class, and the efficiency of a week's practice can only be guaranteed after basic mastery.
(6) Avoid spoon feeding. When mistakes are found, teachers should point out that there is something wrong with a certain paragraph, a certain voice or a certain part of a certain hand. Then inspire the students to play it again, read the music carefully, listen carefully and find out the mistakes by themselves. Or take the method of comparison, the teacher plays right and wrong, and let the children find problems in comparison. For new teaching problems, we should also use clever questions to inspire students to reason and find answers according to what they have learned before. In children's piano enlightenment teaching, it is extremely important to use heuristic teaching principles and methods to cultivate and develop children's music perception ability.
(7) Avoid simplifying operations. For children in the primary teaching stage, we should not only set an example, but also point out the key points, difficulties and practice methods of the new course. Teachers' demonstration performance should be carried out at two different speeds: practice and performance, which can not only let students hear what the new lesson looks like after it is well played, but also let students really understand the new lesson in the slow demonstration performance of teachers and eliminate their fear of difficulties. & lt/p & gt；
(8) Avoid teaching for a long time. Preschool children's concentration time is very limited, about 4 years old children 10 minutes, about 5 years old children's 20 minutes, and about 6 years old children's half an hour. . When teaching children, we should fully consider the length of attention of children of different ages.
Sixth, pay attention to the cultivation of musical sense.
The so-called sense of music is simply the sensibility, imagination and expressiveness of music. When we say that a child has a strong sense of music, we mean that he has a strong expressive force for melody, rhythm, harmony and dynamics, and has a rich imagination for the musical image of his works, and expresses these feelings through his own performance to infect others. The ultimate goal of learning piano is to express music with the sound of piano. Therefore, the cultivation of musical sense is an important topic that should be focused on from an early age. While learning all kinds of basic techniques, we should never forget to inspire children to actively express music. The cultivation of children's sense of music should focus on two aspects: sense of hierarchy and sense of rhythm. The level of music includes the level of horizontal progress and the level of vertical sound construction. Choose different works for conscious training. To cultivate a sense of rhythm, we should pay special attention to the accurate unity and natural elasticity of rhythm, which is the basis of cultivating a sense of rhythm. In addition to paying attention to teaching and practice, children should also have the opportunity to enjoy excellent performances and singing, including recordings and live performances made by musicians and singers. Although some works are incomprehensible to them, they will feel the beauty of music in constant edification and improve their sensitivity to music in the enjoyment of beauty.
The primary stage of piano teaching directly affects students' future development. In the process of teaching and learning, teachers, students and parents are a link, which complement each other and are inseparable. To learn the piano well requires the joint efforts of teachers, students and parents. Only by combining the three aspects harmoniously can you achieve the common goal!