The hegemonic rule of modern education, in accordance with the prescribed procedures and purposes, forcibly shapes people into some necessary tool people. For this purpose, education arbitrarily deprives people of freedom and self-esteem, denies people's rights, and arbitrarily disposes of people's body and mind. In fact, this kind of education completely eliminates the individual's rational spirit.

The strength of education shapes the mentality, which is the irrational expression of arrogant rationalism under the design of human nature. The rational design of human nature will naturally lead to the shaping of human nature, and the shaping of human nature is actually the design and manufacture of human nature according to the inference of some will. In this shaping, education objectifies people, carries out all kinds of pruning that denies individual free will, and carries out obedience training in a mandatory way. At any time, under the supervision, transformation and shaping, people are deprived of their autonomy, and people are produced as a completely adaptive person, a person who only rationalizes his behavior to the extent necessary to adapt to external forces.

In this kind of compulsory education, education has become a great power to monitor, supervise, correct and suppress individuals, and this power is absolutely authoritative and meticulous. It enables people to achieve predetermined goals through various disciplines and technologies in the prescribed development. Because education intentionally or unintentionally ignores individual's subjective choice, individuals have to obey the predetermined development framework of education. This kind of education can not create an active situation of spiritual expression, nor can it create an opportunity for the development of rational spirit. The result of compulsion and obscurantism in education is that individuals and society lack rational spirit.

The lack of rational spirit is manifested in:

1. The individual's decision on where to go in life is based on the influence of external mandatory authority, not his own thoughts after thinking. Individuals don't need to think, don't need to reflect, and can't openly judge and choose with their own rationality. Individuals are subject to or believe in external control, misleading, inducement, suppression, coercion, or their own irrational beliefs, prejudices, desires, presuppositions, etc. Individuals accept, attach to and succumb to external coercion and slavery.

2. Moral fanaticism and political fanaticism. In social life, individuals do not have any ability and consciousness of rational thinking and critical reflection, and enthusiastically devote themselves to a certain purpose. This can easily lead to moral fanaticism and political fanaticism. Everyone was inspired by an irrational movement. Fanaticism inevitably leads to violence. The social harm caused by the people's fanaticism of German fascism and China's political and moral fanaticism during the "Cultural Revolution" has illustrated this point.

3. Blind obedience and superstition. Education forces a unified goal that everyone must obey. In the process of restraining people's mind, in the temptation of rewards and punishments, the external authority of individuals and the dogma preached by education have produced an irrational blind obedience and superstition. In the face of value conflict and concept conflict, individuals lose their independent spirit and lack rational judgment. In the package of education, individuals form a sense of spiritual helplessness. He cannot think and judge freely. He can't fight for his rights through expression, defense, discussion, consultation, compromise, reasoning and refusal. He just becomes a tool used by others.

4. ignorance and paranoia. What educational compulsion wants to achieve is to dominate people's thoughts, which is manifested in the restriction of people's free thinking and free expression, because the chains of ideas and consciousness formed by shaping will make people intentionally become tools. People who lack ideas are easy to control. Therefore, education should consciously instill a kind of knowledge, while excluding those that cultivate people's rational spirit. Therefore, the free exchange and full opening of knowledge is impossible, the realistic display of value is closed to people, individuals are wrapped in a set boundary, and everyone is in a state of not being fully informed and information closed, that is, individuals are in a state of ignorance. Under the control of this spirit, people tend to form a kind of paranoia and domineering, and form a mentality of rejecting dissidents and cracking down on heresy. Solving conflicts and arguments through ideological violence rather than rationality will not form a respectful and inclusive social communication.

5. Rebellion and nothingness. In the strict control of compulsory education, an irrational rebellious mentality may be formed, that is, mocking and rebelling against any social norms and adopting a alienated and nihilistic attitude towards any value existence. Individuals take an anarchist attitude of doubting everything. People give up the spiritual motivation of pursuing rational spirit and excellent quality, and individuals lose the value criterion of judging life.

6. violence. The violation of human rights by education hinders the rational will and independent development of the educated. This kind of violent compulsory education will make the educated no longer believe in the rationality of themselves and others, and that contradictions and problems can be solved by rational spirit and methods, but tend to solve disputes and conflicts through violence and intensify contradictions through irrational confrontation. This is the result of ignoring rationality and lacking a free educational environment. In such an educational environment, individuals can't form a rational spirit to face various problems in social life, can't learn to use their rationality openly and fairly to solve personal and social problems they face, or resort to violence, such as coercion and threats, or cater to and cling to violence.

Therefore, in a society lacking rational enlightenment, the dislocation of rationality and the compulsion of education can only bring about people's irrational state. For society and individuals, there will be a lack of individual and public rational spirit, and there will be a lack of rational and constrained practical purposes. The damage to public life and personal life is obvious. Rational spirit is not only the key for a society to move towards freedom, justice and prosperity, but also the key for individuals to freely form their own life goals, take responsibility and form moral self-discipline.

Second, re-understand the rational spirit.

Is it possible to reshape the rational spirit? What kind of rational spirit should be remolded? These are all problems that we have to face in today's era when real life has been "de-valued".

In the traditional concept of rationality, rationality is the universality shared by all people. In the process of rational subjectivity, rationality has become a universal feature of human beings as the subject and an abstract and transcendental feature divorced from specific historical situations and social backgrounds. Reason has become an absolute, unconditional, pure, unchangeable and unquestionable thing. This rationality means that under the cover of universality, the uniqueness and difference of individual personality acquired by individuals in historical existence has become the cognitive ability to acquire universal knowledge principles and moral order. The purpose-oriented role of reason in people's concrete practical life is gradually forgotten.

Reason is forgotten, which is the real crisis facing reason. "The Enlightenment opposed myths and superstitions with reason, but ultimately opposed the concepts of' nature' such as freedom and peace, human equality, human divinity and justice in the ultimate sense, and ultimately opposed the concepts of subject and reason itself. This is the real rational crisis. " Is the crisis of rationality solved by giving up rationality? Giving up rationality may mean further deepening of the crisis, and what we may need is to ask rational questions again.

In the final analysis, rationality is a fundamental problem involving human survival. The rational basis in human life tradition and personal life practice is unshakable. Because rationality provides us with a reflective guidance in real life, endows us with wisdom and strength to think about life and its world, and enables us to reflect and look forward to the purpose of life practice. It can be said that rationality is the basic composition of human practical life. Therefore, we can only solve the crisis of rationality through rationality and solve the dislocation of rationality through rationality.

Rationality is a basic spirit generated in people's life, and it is not a transcendental, universal, infinite and unconstrained absolute essence. Since rationality is produced in the process of people's life practice, it is manifested in people's specific living environment, which means that on the one hand, rationality is restricted with people's life; On the other hand, rationality has the value of life: it provides concrete guidance and binding purpose for life. The rationality generated in concrete life is related to the decision and choice of life legitimacy, making the purpose and pursuit of life an individual's commitment and value.

Rationality is related to the determination and pursuit of the purpose and value of life, which is manifested in the self-responsibility spirit and self-governance ability of a person living in a specific social history, and in a practical reflection attitude towards life. We rely on it to reflect on our knowledge, thoughts, actions and systems. Therefore, rationality is an effective wisdom to guide our practical behavior.

Rationality makes people in life yearn for and stick to the purpose of life, makes the purpose of life a commitment to their own lives, and makes people make just value choices and wise actions in common life. Rational spirit is an excellent quality in the pursuit of a better life. Without this quality, life may not be able to judge its own goodness, and it may lose the support of values and beliefs, thus leading to personal selfish indulgence and infatuation with fanaticism and blind obedience. Life will be guided by no value, and everything is just the competition of pleasure satisfaction in the market, which actually means the loss of human spiritual ideal and enterprising spirit. It is impossible and unnecessary to "examine" life like Socrates, because life itself has become invisible.

If we really have good hopes for the future life, we must start from re-establishing the rationality of examining life. Rationality has always been the rationality of life, and it is a spiritual quality related to the pursuit of Excellence, Excellence, nobility, kindness and freedom. Without this spiritual quality, our knowledge and morality will lose the foundation of value orientation and will fall into spiritual confusion and confusion.

Plato said that people must ask questions in life, which makes life a human life and makes people a rational person, that is to say, people must distinguish and choose the right life. A rational examination of life means a kind of care and governance for life. As a purposeful creation in spirit, life is realized in this kind of care and governance. Rationality, as a spiritual force to pursue better value through the examination of real life, is a necessary quality to lead rational life, form life wisdom and finally pursue a better life.

Third, the image of people with rational spirit.

Rationality is a spiritual quality, which not only makes people's value existence point to the ideal of a better life, but also forms an understanding of a better life, which is manifested in the governance of their own life and public life. In this kind of governance, it shows the integrity of individual spirit and the ethics of existence, and shows a rational personality.

The cultivation of rational spirit by education is to cultivate a rational person, a person who realizes excellent quality in rational life.

A rational person is a person who pursues the meaning and ideal of a possible life, connects the realization of his own meaning and value with the universal value based on a better life, with his own tradition and community, and respects the life ideal of others equally. In the interaction with others, on the basis of respecting others' freedom of choice, we pursue a kind of happiness of living together. He believes that the happiness of personal life is inseparable from the happiness of others. Therefore, he has a value commitment not only to himself, but also to the lives of others, and an ethical responsibility to the public life of the community.

A rational person has the spiritual motivation to pursue Excellence and Excellence, the desire to be good, and the strong enterprising spirit to constantly surpass. Based on the imperfection of human nature, he knows that personal personality and social reality can never be perfect, and he does not design an illusory perfect utopia and a "saint"-like personality, but he is convinced that through rational spirit, he can realize his limited free space, find out the problems that hinder our happiness and reflect on the mistakes in life. In his personal and public life, he is wiser and fairer. He believes that by working hard, we can improve the world we live in. He understands the value reason of his behavior and is cautious in life practice.

Rational people are independent people. He believes that individual freedom is the right of everyone in a society ruled by law. He regards the meaning and lifestyle of life, the realization of the value of public life and the norms of ethical life as self-determination in the community, rather than the compulsion and unity of external forces. Freedom means the value connection of personal life and the ethical governance and care of public life. Therefore, freedom means taking responsibility and obligation for a person with rational spirit. Therefore, freedom is a moral practice. At the same time, rational people are people with independent personality. He opposes any form of violation of personal freedom. He is not attached to external slavery, does not lose his personality, does not sell his soul, and does not force others by any means for his own interests, tramples on their personality, crowds out, discriminates against and interferes with others. He communicates with others on an equal footing without any form of personality attachment. He regards himself as an independent and complete personality with equal rights and obligations. He realizes that individuals enjoy equal human dignity, so he doesn't accept humiliation, and he doesn't insult others. He believes that respect for personal dignity is an inseparable part of freedom.

A rational person can form the expectation of rational purpose in life practice, at the same time, he has the ability to judge and think carefully in the process of pursuing rational purpose, and has the ability to adopt the most effective rational way to realize rational purpose. He knows what is right, what should be done and how to do it better, which means that a rational individual has insight into personal life and social public life and the ability to handle social affairs and personal affairs wisely. In a sense, as a citizen, he has the ability to manage public life and personal life wisely.

Rational people are not self-centered. He participates in social rational activities fairly and treats others equally. He is willing to abide by the reasonable principles and standards of public life, rationally change unreasonable institutional factors, and take changing the quality of public life as his responsibility. He regards others in public life as rational individuals who can cooperate on an equal footing. In his view, rationality means a kind of "personal virtue of participating in social equality and cooperation", advocating mutual respect and cooperation in pluralistic social life, sharing, mutual benefit and reciprocity, being able to abide by the public rules that public life can be just, and taking this public life rationality of pursuing justice, equality and cooperation as the basis for forming social trust.

A rational person is one who is aware of the limitations of rationality. He has the courage to admit his mistakes, correct his views and listen to criticism. He often respects and appreciates other people's views and reflects on his possible prejudice. He realized that knowledge can only be improved through free communication, so he had the rational humility of "three people, one teacher". Reason gave him an attitude of criticizing and questioning any established reality. He opposes any form of arbitrariness and autocracy, ignorance in knowledge and thought, so-called "prophets" who claim to master truth and morality, those who think they have the arrogant power to "shape" others, any form of ideological hegemony imposed on others, ideological violence to suppress dissent and instill certain dogmas, and any form of superstition and blind obedience. He realized that in a pluralistic society, it is irrational for rational, free and equal citizens to respect each other's views and use any power to suppress others' freedom of reasonable expression. Tolerance of freedom of thought is the expression of rational spirit, and it is also the basis of forming a rational society.

A rational person opposes any form of violence. In the face of differences and conflicts, a rational person will not resort to his own strength to solve problems by violence. He believed in the rationality of others and solved problems in appeal to reason. He solves disputes through rational means such as equal debate, discussion, coordination, communication, discussion, listening, defense, negotiation, arbitration, compromise and concession, instead of forcing others to obey with power, authority, threat, intimidation, temptation and violence. A rational person treats others equally, fairly and respectfully under the rule of law. He did this because he realized that no one can master the absolute truth, no one can master the ultimate knowledge, and anyone can make mistakes at any time. Therefore, everyone must realize cooperation and coordination in public life with a rational attitude on the basis of respecting others. This is manifested in the cooperation between rational people and the formation of a rational social environment. Although such a rational society cannot be perfect, it actually solves social problems on the basis of people's rational spirit. In such a society, although there is power, it is impossible to eliminate violence, but the rational spirit is the factor to limit the abuse of power and prevent violence.

Rational people are not necessarily all-round development people. He may not be a perfect person, but he is a person who can make rational judgments, make reasonable choices and behave ethically in social reality. He is an equal and free citizen who bears the legal and ethical value of the rule of law in a specific political society. He participated in the governance of public life with the spirit of free ethics of self-care. His rational participation is a necessary condition and an important symbol of the health of public life.

A person who participates in public life should not only have moral ability and rational ability, but also have basic public virtue and personal virtue. Moral ability includes the sense of justice and the ability of good ideas. Sense of justice is the ability to understand, apply and practice the principle of justice in public life, and it is the foundation of individual public life. The ability to think well is the ability of individuals to pursue their own reasonable interests or life ideals rationally, and it is the key for a person to participate in social cooperation while pursuing personal well-being freely. In addition, individuals must also have rational ability, that is, judgment, critical thinking and reasoning ability determined by practical reason. Rational ability is to ensure that individuals can correctly judge, choose and practice in the process of realizing the well-being of public life and personal life. A rational person also needs basic virtues, such as hope, courage, trust, honesty, democracy, friendliness and justice, which are the basic qualities for him to pursue a better life in public and personal affairs.