What are the teaching methods and types in physical education class? Many people in physical education class think that it is actually to let students imitate actions, but it is not. Physical education teaching is also very particular. Let's follow me to see what the relevant knowledge of physical education teaching methods and categories is, hoping to help everyone.
What are the teaching methods and types in physical education class?
Classification of physical education teaching methods;
First, physical education teaching methods based on language transmission information: explanation, question and answer and discussion.
The following basic requirements should be observed when using the language-based method to transmit information:
(1) Organize the teaching contents scientifically. Students' knowledge comes from the knowledge structure of textbooks. Teachers use language to let students master knowledge and develop sports ability. The most important thing is to carry out some necessary processing on the teaching content, including making the teaching content have logical significance and turning the static knowledge information into the information in the output state. Therefore, PE teachers should study the teaching materials carefully before class, reorganize the teaching content, and make it systematic, clear in concept, clear in organization, focused and moderate in difficulty.
(2) Teachers' language should be clear, concise, accurate, vivid and infectious. This requires teachers to have good language literacy and high language expression ability. The improvement of language expression ability has both congenital factors and acquired training factors. In physical education teaching, teachers are required to "speak carefully and practice more", which requires physical education teachers to be good at expressing teaching contents in clear, concise, accurate and vivid languages. In teaching, especially in physical education, language should be inspiring and infectious. Physical education teachers should also pay attention to manners in language expression and be good at using silent language.
(3) ask questions to solve doubts. No matter the explanation or guidance in physical education teaching, there are some problems carefully designed by teachers. It is best to connect them in series with "question strings" to organize and guide students to solve problems and keep their thinking activities in a positive state. Physical education teachers should carefully design enlightening and thinking questions according to the teaching needs and the characteristics of teaching materials.
But pay attention to:
(1) Asking questions should be in line with students' knowledge and ability level, and the difficulty should be moderate;
② The questions should be clear and specific;
③ Be good at encouraging and guiding students to fully express their opinions;
④ We should sensitively grasp the ambiguities or mistakes in students' understanding and correct them in time.
(4) Teaching and discussion combined with blackboard and wall chart. This method will improve the effect of physical education teaching and the quality of explanation and discussion, which should be paid attention to and the development of teaching wall charts and blackboard writing should be strengthened.
Second, physical education teaching methods based on direct perception: action demonstration method, demonstration method, action error correction and help method.
Basic requirements for using direct perception method
1, get ready in advance
Teachers should make necessary preparations according to the needs of physical education teaching tasks when using the demonstration method in physical education teaching. Props in sports are not sold in the market, so physical education teachers need to make them themselves or ask others to make them. After the production is completed, they also need to design the time and program of the demonstration, and write it into the teaching plan after being well combined with other teaching programs.
2. Guide students to observe effectively.
Ask questions before the demonstration to guide students to observe and think purposefully and emphatically. To combine students' perception and understanding closely, physical education teachers should teach students the order and method of observation through this practical activity, so as to improve students' observation ability in physical education learning.
Step 3 make a summary
After the demonstration, physical education teachers should further organize and guide students to upgrade the observed perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge through questions and answers, exercises and discussions, and link the observed results with the inevitable laws, so that the demonstration can really play the role of acquiring perceptual knowledge, verifying and understanding knowledge.
Third, physical education teaching methods based on physical exercises: decomposition practice, complete practice, comprehension teaching method and circular practice method.
Basic requirements of using physical education teaching method based on body in teaching
(1) Treat the exercise load factors in physical exercise scientifically. Physical exercise is not only a necessary way for physical education learning, but also a necessary means for teaching to achieve various teaching purposes. Exercise load in physical exercise is one of the most important factors, which must be taken seriously and treated scientifically. We should not only ensure the exercise load of skill learning and quality improvement, but also not focus on the load, let alone carry out the so-called "matching degree evaluation with the predicted heart rate", so that physical education class can become a "heart rate class" and a "sports class".
(2) It should conform to the law of the formation of motor skills and the characteristics of teaching materials.
(3) It should be combined with training the practical operation ability of brain, mouth and hands.
(4) Pay attention to cultivating students' abilities and good habits of self-supervision, self-examination and self-evaluation. Students have strong autonomy in physical exercise, and teachers should pay attention to cultivating students' habits and abilities of self-supervision, self-inspection, self-evaluation and self-feedback in exercise.
Fourth, physical education teaching methods based on scenes and competitions: sports games, sports competitions, situational teaching methods, etc.
To sum up, it is really not easy to have a good lesson in physical education class. Whether students can master the basic knowledge, skills and techniques of physical education and develop good exercise habits is closely related to the teaching methods used by teachers.
Therefore, we should constantly improve our inner self-cultivation, so that each section of physical education class has a deeper concept of self-education "running through it" and a section of "seemingly the same, but actually different" high-quality physical education class with self-style.
What are the teaching methods and types in physical education class? 2. Common teaching methods in physical education class.
Physical education teaching method is the general name of technical teaching activities that teachers and students adopt in a planned way to achieve physical education teaching goals and complete physical education teaching tasks, and can produce the interaction between teaching and learning.
Teaching method based on language transmitting information
It refers to the teaching method of imparting sports knowledge and sports skills to students through teachers' oral language.
In the process of physical education teaching, the commonly used methods of transmitting information mainly through language are explanation, question and answer and discussion.
Explaining: It means that teachers use language to explain the teaching objectives, action names, action essentials, action methods and requirements to students, so as to guide students to learn and master the basic knowledge, techniques and skills of physical education for practice.
Question and answer method: also known as conversation method, is a method for teachers and students to complete physical education by oral language question and answer.
Discussion: under the guidance of teachers, students express their opinions around the central issues of the textbook in the whole class or group, and acquire sports knowledge or assist sports skills learning through discussion or debate activities.
Teaching method based on intuition
It refers to the method by which teachers make students use various senses to directly perceive objective things or phenomena and gain knowledge through the demonstration of physical objects or intuitive teaching AIDS.
The methods based on direct perception include action demonstration method, demonstration method, corrective action method, protection and help method, audio-visual guidance method and so on.
Demonstration method
It is a way for teachers (or students) to use their own actions as a demonstration to guide students to learn. It plays a unique role in making students understand the appearance, sequence, technical points and characteristics of the actions they have learned. In physical education teaching, teachers should not only pay attention to the presentation surface, but also consider the speed and distance of the presentation.
Due to the diversity of sports movements, we should pay more attention to the problem of "demonstration surface" in action demonstration. The presentation surface refers to the angle from which students observe the presentation, including the speed and distance of the presentation. The demonstration surface has a front, a back, a side and a mirror.
(1) Positive demonstration: The demonstration of teachers and students standing relatively is a positive demonstration, which is conducive to showing the essentials of teachers' positive actions, such as holding the ball in ball games.
(2) Back demonstration: The demonstration of the teacher standing with his back to the students is back demonstration, which helps to show the teacher's back movements or left-right movements, as well as movements with complicated directions and routes, and is convenient for teachers to guide and students to imitate. For example, back demonstration is often used in Wushu routine teaching.
(3) Side demonstration: The teacher's side demonstration for students is a side demonstration, which is conducive to showing the side of the action and the actions completed in the front and back direction, such as swinging the arm and kicking back when running.
(4) Mirror demonstration: A teacher's demonstration for students in the same direction as his classmates is a mirror demonstration. The characteristic of mirror demonstration is that the actions of students and teachers correspond to each other, which is suitable for the teaching of simple actions and convenient for teachers to lead and students to imitate. For example, when doing unarmed exercises, students start to complete the action by moving their left foot half a step to the left, and the teacher's demonstration action corresponds to the student's action, that is, moving their right foot half a step to the right.
Demonstration method
It is a teaching method in which teachers show all kinds of physical objects and intuitive teaching AIDS in physical education, so that students can gain perceptual knowledge through observation.
This method has been widely used in physical education for many years. Although some demonstrations are difficult, they are indispensable teaching methods in physical education class. In physical education class, the memory of action images is very important. Combined with teaching methods such as lectures and conversations, good teaching results can be achieved.
Correcting action mistakes and helping method: it is a teaching method adopted by physical education teachers to correct students' action mistakes. In physical education teaching, the improvement of students' skills is accompanied by the constant emergence and correction of action mistakes.
Physical education teaching method based on physical exercise
It is a method that enables students to master and consolidate sports skills and carry out physical exercise through physical exercise and skill learning.
In the practice of physical education teaching, physical education teaching methods mainly include decomposition exercise, complete exercise, comprehensive teaching method and circular exercise.
Complete exercise method
The complete method is a method of learning and practicing completely and continuously from the beginning to the end of the action, regardless of the parts and paragraphs. It is suitable for sports where there is no qualitative difference between "will" and "won't", or the technical difficulty is not great, and it is unnecessary to carry out or can't be decomposed at all.
Problems that must be paid attention to when using integrity method;
Restrictive exercise method: an exercise method to correct action mistakes under set restrictions. For example, when practicing starting, set a diagonal bar with a certain height above the students' heads, so that students can understand and master the correct movements when starting, and avoid the mistakes of getting up straight and running too early.
Induction exercise: this is a simple and specialized exercise, similar to the learned sports skills. The selection of induction exercises should be purposeful, and attention should be paid to the consistency of muscles used and the order of exertion with the physical exercises learned. For example, when doing shoulder-elbow handstand on the mat, students can't straighten their waist and abdomen. You can hang a hanging ball above the mat to induce students to touch the ball with their toes to straighten their waist and abdomen.
Self-suggestion method: students consciously hint that they meet the requirements in practice when they are clear about the method of completing the action and pay attention to meeting certain requirements. If your hind legs are not fully pedaled during running, you should hint at attention during practice.
Auxiliary exercise: it is an exercise of simple technical movements similar to the technical structure of physical exercises learned in order to help students master difficult movements.
Decomposition exercise method: refers to the method of dividing the complete movement into several parts and carrying out physical education teaching step by step. It is suitable for sports with qualitative difference between "knowing" and "not knowing" or with great technical difficulty and decomposability.
Comprehension teaching method
It is a major reform of the guiding ideology of physical education teaching methods, from emphasizing action technology to cultivating students' cognitive ability and interest. The teaching process of comprehension teaching method mainly includes six parts. The understanding teaching method takes "project introduction" and "competition overview" as the beginning of the ball game, so that students can understand the characteristics of the project and the rules of the game, so as to have a comprehensive understanding of the sport from the beginning.
The difference between comprehension teaching method and traditional skill teaching is that teachers do not start with the basic action teaching, but cultivate students' tactical awareness first. After the introduction of tactics, teachers demonstrate some complicated situations and coping methods to students in combination with actual combat, and train students in "instant decision-making ability" to cultivate students' comprehensive observation of the situation, grasp and judge the opportunity and adaptability, so that students can finally judge "what to do" and choose the best action plan-"how to do it" according to the skills and tactics they have learned.
The teaching mode of understanding teaching method has the following characteristics:
(1) Proceed from the overall characteristics of the project, then return to the specific skills learning, and finally return to the overall understanding and training.
(2) Emphasis is placed on tactical awareness, which runs through all teaching links, and overall awareness and tactics are very dominant.
(3) Highlight the main sports techniques and ignore some secondary sports techniques.
(4) Pay attention to the form of competition and cultivate students' understanding of the project in competition and actual combat. Teaching often begins with "trial match" and ends with "summary match".
Cyclic exercise method
According to the needs of teaching and exercise, we should choose some practice methods and set up some corresponding practice stations (points). Students practice and cycle step by step according to the prescribed order, route and practice requirements. It is mainly a practice method, not a teaching method, but also a teaching organization method. There are many ways of circulating exercises, mainly mobile and group rotation.
Teaching method based on situation and competition
It refers to the teaching method that teachers create certain situations and competitions in teaching, so that students can cultivate their temperament, improve their sports ability and participate in sports through more vivid sports practice.
Physical education teaching methods based on situation and competition include sports games, sports competitions and situational teaching methods.
Sports game method:
Games usually have certain plots and competitive elements, and the contents and forms are varied. But it is the plot, competition, cooperation and other elements in the game that can help physical education teachers cultivate students' thinking and judgment ability, cultivate students' sentiment and exercise students' psychology, so swimming tricks are widely used in physical education.
Sports competition mode:
It refers to a teaching method of learning and practicing skills by organizing student competitions. Strictly speaking, competition is also a form of game, but there are two main differences between competition and the aforementioned game mode:
(1) There are many types of games, such as competition, cooperation and performance. , and competition focuses on competition;
(2) Games are not limited to a certain sport, but competitions are often related to a certain sport.
Situational teaching method:
It is a lively and enlightening teaching method, which is mainly suitable for junior and middle school students. It takes advantage of the age characteristics of junior middle school students, such as keen imitation, rich imagination and dominant thinking in images. This method mainly follows the law of children's understanding and emotional changes.