education department
Different schools may have different points in the branches of education. We take the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard University as examples to analyze, and applicants can choose the branches and directions they are interested in. First of all, the College of Education of the University of Pennsylvania has the following eight branches:
Division of Applied Psychology and Human Development Division of Education, Culture and Society (Education, Culture and Sociology) Division of Educational Linguistics (Educational Linguistics) Division of Educational Policy (Higher Education Division) Division of Quantitative Methods (Quantitative Research Methods) Division of Reading/Writing/Literacy Division of Teaching and Leadership.
Under each branch, there will be several directions, namely:
1. Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development (Applied Psychology and Human Development)
Interdisciplinary research on human development (m.s.ed, ph.d) is an interdisciplinary research on human development.
School and Mental Health Counseling (licensure, m.s.ed) School and Psychological Counseling Management Project Implementation Plan.
Counseling and mental health services (Pennsylvania Counseling Certification, Master of Science, Master of Philosophy) Counseling and mental health services.
2. Department of Education, Culture and Society (Education, Culture and Sociology)
Education, Culture and Society (PhD)
Education, Culture and Society (Master of Science)
International Education Development Program (IEDP) (Master of Science)
3. Educational Linguistics Division (Educational Linguistics)
Educational linguistics (Ph.D.)
TESOL- Teaching English to people who speak other languages.
Cross-cultural communication (Master of Science)
4. Ministry of Education Policy (Education Policy)
Education policy (doctorate, master's degree)
5. Department of Higher Education (Higher Education)
Higher Education (Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Education, Master of Science)
Executive doctorate in higher education management
6. Quantitative Methods Department (Quantitative Research Methods)
Policy research, evaluation and measurement (doctor of philosophy, master of philosophy).
Statistics, measurement, evaluation and research technology.
7. Reading/Writing/Literacy Class (Reading/Writing/Reading and Writing)
Reading/writing/reading and writing ability (doctor, doctor of education, master, reading expert certification)
Language and Reading and Writing (Master) Language and Reading and Writing.
8. Teaching and Leadership Department (Teaching and Leadership)
Teaching, learning and leadership (Master of Science).
Teaching, learning and teacher education (doctor, doctor of education).
Education leaders. D) educational leadership
School leaders (master's degree, principal certification)
Study science and technology (master's degree)
Teacher education plan (master's education, primary school and junior high school; Secondary certification, undergraduate minor)
In addition to these major branches and directions of education, the University of Pennsylvania has some other programs, which are not listed here. Let's take a look at Harvard University's School of Education. The major of master of education. M) courses offered by Harvard University School of Education are as follows:
Education Art Education Policy and Management Higher Education Human Development and Psychology International Education Policy Language and Culture Learning and Teaching Mind, Brain and Education (Mind, Brain and Education) Prevention Science and Practice/Consulting cas (Risk Prevention Technology/Continuing Learning Certificate Consultation) School Leaders (School Leaders) Special Research (Special Learning) Teacher Education Plan (Technology, Innovation and Education)
Judging from the professional settings of these two schools, there are some similarities and differences. By extension, although each school has different educational specialties, such as Columbia University, which is quite rich in specialties (see the list of educational branches of Columbia University attached to the chapter on Education for details), they are quite similar. Generally speaking, from a big perspective, we can divide pedagogy into the following three aspects:
1. Education
Education Management Education Administration/Management Higher Education Administration/Management Curriculum Design course studies educational technology (intersecting with CS, some have this direction under computer science, but there are many requirements for applicants, and basic courses of computer science are needed.
2. Teachers
Literature TESOL (linguistics crossing linguistics, there are many under linguistics, called AppliedLinguistics) early education special education others.
3. Human development
Educational Psychology (Intersection with Psychology) Child Psychology Child Research/Child Psychology Education Consultation Education Policy Education Policy intersects with MPP (Master of Public Policy). Many schools develop international education under the public policy. For example, the University of Pennsylvania has a similar major (International Education Development Program (IEDP) (M.S.ed). In addition, new york University also has similar majors, as well as some majors in family service and marriage and family therapy (for example, Columbia University, attached below, offers this direction: family and community education) and so on.
Among these three categories, the first type of education is a relatively macro concept. To be a good educator, you must first be educated and have the opportunity to receive education. This education is to teach us how to do a good job in education and how to give back to society. Education has always been a hot topic, and both the China administration and the American administration have put a lot of energy into how to run education well. Only in this way can students adapt to high speed after receiving education.
The second kind of teacher, as its name implies, is to train teachers, just like most normal schools in China, to train teachers of all grades and disciplines.
The difference from China's pedagogy major lies in the third category, namely, the direction of human development. In China, the school has a syllabus (but not in the United States, so teachers have strong autonomy, and teachers can completely follow the students in teaching); In China, the state dominates the education policy, so we don't need to study it. Therefore, when students in China apply, there are relatively more people in the first category (education) and the second category (teachers), while there are relatively more applicants in the third category, educational psychology and international education development. The reason for the large number of applicants for educational psychology is that some students who study psychology turn to apply for educational psychology (because psychology is difficult to apply for).
Classification of educational degrees
From the degree point of view, pedagogy is a discipline with more degrees, second only to business majors, which can be roughly divided into three directions:
1. Non-professional education (Master, Master, Doctor: Master of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor)
2. Vocational education (Medicine: Master of Education)
3. Secondary vocational education (Doctor of Education)
The difference between the first category and the second category is that MEd generally takes a license (teacher qualification certificate); The third category is a three-year professional doctorate, which is similar to MD (Doctor of Medicine) and PharmD* (Doctor of Pharmacy) to some extent. It's a degree for people with certain work experience. After graduation, most of these people enter universities (such as management positions such as dean, director or principal), or enter high schools, junior high schools and primary schools. Generally speaking, school leaders are almost the same or higher.
*PharmD is an undergraduate degree in a sense, not a normal postgraduate degree. Slightly different from MD and EduD, please note.
Pedagogical application requirements
Apply for GRE*
TOEFL: Pedagogy has higher requirements for language. Take TOEFL iBT as an example. Most schools with Top 100 have requirements above 100, which is also a common phenomenon in liberal arts majors.
Provide GPA
PS/Essay: Some schools require Essay, but most require PS.
Writing samples: Many students who apply for a doctorate in education need to provide writing samples (generally 10-20 pages), and some students who apply for a master's degree also need to provide them, especially those who apply for a MED major. Some students need to write a paper (such as TESOL major in Georgetown) to prove the applicant's writing ability, and some have actually written papers before.
* In some schools, education management is simply a branch of MBA or business school. In this case, most schools need students to provide GMAT scores.
Education and employment
As we all know, teachers are a major employment channel for education majors. Kindergarten teachers, primary school teachers, junior high school teachers, senior high school teachers and university teachers, who accompany us all the way, are a road to employment for students majoring in education. In addition, of course, it is not only teachers who study education, but also other professions, such as managers (such as the stern and unsmiling middle school principal in our memory and four-year university). This is a possible career for education students in the future.
Now we can learn from many channels that the United States is cutting its education budget, which may not be good news for students who want to study pedagogy temporarily, but in the long run, the employment prospects of pedagogy in the United States are still very good. Even recently, according to statistics, until 20 18, the vacancy of teachers was on the rise in preschool education, primary education and secondary education. This may be because many teachers are going to retire soon. On the other hand, the American government and schools are improving the quality of education, so we need more and better teachers, especially some foreign language teachers, math and science teachers and some bilingual teachers.
This is a bright side of American employment. However, as international students, it is difficult for us to reach the level of our mother tongue in English. Therefore, students who are interested in American employment, even those who step on the podium, suggest training their English level to the extreme to win a place for their employment in the United States.
For those who have no intention of going to work in the United States, to study for a master's degree in education and return to work, teachers, managers, counselors and other employment fields can be selected at present. Teachers can generally teach at the K 12 stage. If your ambition is to be a teacher in a university, you should continue to study for a doctorate, because in reality, the starting point for most universities to recruit teachers is a doctorate; In addition, many graduate students majoring in education choose enterprises, such as some training institutions as teachers or managers.
Education in China is in a transitional period, and our college of education basically focuses on teacher education, while the development of the other two directions is still in its infancy. There will be many opportunities at this initial stage. For example, with the gradual decrease of college entrance examination candidates in China, our education consulting industry will become more and more developed. Students and parents also pay more and more attention to educational consultation. During the 20 12 college entrance examination season, voluntary services for college entrance examination have appeared, with service prices ranging from 5,000 to 20,000. It can be predicted that more and more students will need this kind of service in the future, which actually involves the big branch of education (tutoring). At the same time, we also realize that education is not only to teach students knowledge, but also to do real moral education, which involves human development.