The school education of Tujia nationality is a process in which China culture is gradually accepted by Tujia nationality. Schools that spread China culture in Tujia areas have a long history. During the Jianwu period of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 -57), in order to change their tradition of "believing in witches and ghosts but few scholars", the Song Dynasty established a school in Wu Ximan's residence. During the Yongxing period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (89-105), the magistrate of Wuling County was supposed to "promote learning and raise the humble side", but in the past, schools mostly recruited children of Han officials.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the central dynasty established schools in Tujia areas. In the early Tang Dynasty, Tian Shikang was the first official in the Tang Dynasty to live in Guizhou. During the reign of Kaiyuan and Tianbao (7 13 -755), Zhao Guozhen, a descendant of Tusi Downs, was an official of the Ministry of Industry (Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Volume 15), and Tian Ying was the secretariat of Xizhou and entered the "Shang Zhu State" (Pengshui County Records of Guangxu, IV). These Tujia people, who have obtained high positions and high salaries, have received a good school education and have high attainments in China culture.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the feudal dynasty set up schools in Tujia areas to recruit local children. In the Song Dynasty, Yanhe Division built Luantang Academy. During this period, there were champions among Tujia people: in the third year of Song and Yuan Dynasties (1088), Zhan Miao, a native of Duting, Shizhou, was the champion of senior high school entrance examination and learned macro words; During his stay in Yuan You (1086-1093), Xiang Jiuxi from Shizhou also took the exam. In Shizhou alone, nine people were admitted to Jinshi in the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, schools were established in Jianshi and Shizhou.
In the 28th year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1395), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the chieftains to establish county schools. In thirty-two years (1399), county schools were established in Badong and Changyang counties. In the fifth year of Yongle (1047), Ran Xingbang sent people to the DPRK to "thank Li Ru"; In the sixth year of Yongle (1408), Youyang Xuanwei School was established, and in the fourteenth year of Hongzhi (150 1), Ming Xiaozong ordered that anyone who inherited the position of chieftain should be "instructed to enter the school, and those who entered the school gradually became corrupt and stubborn, and the following students should not inherit it" (Peng cited:)
After the reform, the ban on reading and literacy for ordinary natives was lifted, and the government set up official schools, county schools, academies and study palaces in Tujia areas to let ordinary natives go to school. This makes it a trend for children to study at school, and the cultural level of China is improving day by day. 19 15 years, there were 50 private primary schools in Guzhang County. Girls' schools have also begun to appear. After the Revolution of 1911, public and private schools were generally established. After that, groups of Tujia youths began to study abroad.
During the Anti-Japanese War, schools in enemy-occupied areas moved to Tujia areas in western Hunan and Hubei: 25 schools including National Hubei Normal School, Wuhan University Institute of Technology and (Hubei) Provincial Agricultural College moved to Enshi area, and Hubei University for Nationalities was born under such a historical background; National Business School, National No.8 Middle School and Jiangsu Lilvxiang Middle School moved from Changsha and Anhui to Suoli (now Jishou) and Gancheng; The First Public Education Museum in Hunan Province moved from Changsha to Yongshun. The migration of these high-quality schools has promoted the restoration and development of the original school education in Tujia areas.
More than 1000 years of school education in Tujia area has made talents in Tujia area come forth in large numbers and passed down from generation to generation: a group of writers who are proficient in Chinese classics and work on poetry, ci, fu, literature and prose have been passed down from generation to generation; It has trained professionals in the fields of medicine, agronomy, painting and calligraphy. Such as Zhang, who is good at medical skills, Huang Zhaotang, Qin Guangyu, Yao Chuntang, Luo Jinsheng, Zhou Zhengnan, and so on.
Social education is another aspect of Tujia education. Mainly in families and clans, the contents include: remembering the achievements of ancestors, cultivating their own character, teaching taboos in daily life, codes of conduct and customary laws to follow, and learning production skills. The function of social education is not only to spread Chinese culture, but also to inherit Tujia traditional culture. This is the only way to inherit the traditional Tujia culture for thousands of years.