"2 1 century skills" (also translated as "2 1 century skills", I think "literacy" is more appropriate) can give us rich enlightenment.

2 1 century literacy can be divided into three categories:

(1) Learning and innovation literacy, including: critical thinking and problem-solving ability, communication and cooperation ability, creativity and innovation ability;

(2) Digital literacy, including information literacy, media literacy and information communication technology literacy (ICT literacy);

(3) Vocational and life skills, including flexibility and adaptability, initiative and self-orientation, social and cross-cultural communication skills, efficient productivity, sense of responsibility, leadership, etc.

How to cultivate core literacy?

Last year, Beijing began to do a job, led by the Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences, to study what qualities children in the capital of China should have. I think we must change the way of education development. This way of educational development includes not only children's learning methods, but also teachers' teaching methods and management methods. These three ways can be changed and changed at the same time.

We conducted a survey in Beijing 1 1 districts and counties.

Here are some typical results.

First of all, look at children's learning style, especially learning motivation.

We find that children's main learning motivation is to lay a good foundation for future study and get good grades, followed by satisfying parents and teachers. Only 65,438+00% is to satisfy their interest in learning, which is very low. Can children always have real interest in passive situations? It's hard. Can you win the Nobel Prize without strong interest? No Any Nobel Prize in Science and Technology is based on strong interest. There is no creation without interest, so it is necessary to cultivate children's interest.

We will see what kind of learning methods children like. We can see that children's favorite way of learning is to discuss with each other, followed by teachers' questions and expressions, and the third is to use resources such as library network to learn, while the average proportion of students who like to listen to teachers' lectures completely is less than 10%. So I think our teachers must change their teaching methods.

Therefore, if children in China are to be creative, it is necessary to stimulate their curiosity, cultivate their hobbies, and create a good environment for independent thinking, free exploration and innovation, so that they can learn discovery learning, cooperative learning and autonomous learning.

Another research achievement is how Teacher China gives homework to children. We found that preview and review ranked first, followed by doing exercises, consulting materials and reading books. These four options are all around books, aiming at memorizing book knowledge and doing exams quickly and well. However, there are few assignments that focus on cultivating ability, such as hands-on operation, special research and social investigation. So our homework structure must be changed.

Let's look at the needs of teachers. The biggest demand is to improve or expand classroom teaching skills, and the second is to increase students' understanding of learning characteristics in order to promote students' learning. However, the current national training plan cannot meet this requirement. Many training experts left after class. If teachers want to learn to teach and understand children better, they must polish them repeatedly in normal classes for a year or two before they can really play their role. This is not something that sports training can solve.

Many teachers say that their main obstacle is lack of time and energy, because government agencies at all levels interfere too much in schools and schools are not free, which is a big problem. Therefore, the functions of the government must be changed, and teachers must be allowed to teach quietly. This is the first one. Second, there are many experts in China, and more than 400,000 people in China are studying education, but they really know little about schools. I have been training principals for more than 20 years and have a lot of contacts with principals. A principal told me, Mr. Chu, do you know what an expert is? In the eyes of our headmaster, an expert is a goldfish in a fish tank, which can be used for viewing, but if the goldfish is taken out and put into the river, it will not work, because it is not grounded. The expert doesn't know the actual situation. As soon as he is asked to solve the actual problems in the school, he will show his true colors. I think China education researchers must go deep into schools to understand, so as to better provide practical services for the development of schools.

Let's look at the changes in teaching methods. What do teachers learn in teaching and research activities? Most of them study the teaching process, followed by teaching methods, and there is little research on children. In teaching and research activities, the heads of teaching and research groups play the most important role in the analysis of teaching materials and methods based on goal decomposition, because they are very familiar with curriculum standards, knowledge systems and teaching materials, but teaching and research personnel can't do it in the analysis of learning situation. On the contrary, ordinary teachers know students best. Why? Because the teaching researcher has left the classroom, he has not taught for many years. His advantages are knowledge advantages and teaching materials advantages rather than knowing the advantages of students. In the actual teaching and research activities, students' situation is rarely analyzed, which may be related to our different right to speak in teaching and research activities. In teaching and research activities, ordinary teachers have no chance to speak, and even dare not speak for themselves. Therefore, teaching and research activities will let ordinary teachers talk more about children in the future, which I think is an important breakthrough.

Let's take a look at the most effective form of teaching and research exchange. Students of the same grade have the best teaching and research effect. Why? Because teaching is the same subject and the same book, and the other is that students cross grades, the worst influence is the same grade across majors. But I think this form of teaching-research exchange is very important. The child is a complete person, he is independent of the subject, but our subject teaching is deeply separated, so I think it is necessary for teachers who teach children different subjects to sit down and discuss how to cultivate a complete person. We now propose curriculum integration. One is vertical integration, such as English from grade one to grade six, and the other is horizontal integration among teachers of different disciplines. This kind of integration is more and more, and this teaching method needs to be strengthened.

Here's how to change management. Management actually includes three aspects. How to manage the teachers and students in the school is a matter of internal concern. The second is how to manage the school, and the third is how to manage the government. Now the school is very strict with teachers and students, and the government is also very strict with the school, but no one cares about the government. In the past, we managed for exams, taught for exams and studied for exams. I think the future will change and the school should develop in an all-round way. All-round development is the result, and positive development is the process. Let's first look at how the school is managed. The key to school internal management lies in grasping the evaluation link.

Evaluating whether a student is a good student can't just look at scores, so now the Ministry of Education puts forward a comprehensive evaluation of cultivating core literacy and improving students' quality. Another is teacher evaluation, which can't just look at scores. I think the first criterion of a good school is to let students enjoy studying, studying and learning well. Learning well includes two aspects, one is to learn knowledge, the other is to learn to be a man, and both should be done well. Teachers should be willing to teach, know how to teach and teach well, and their teaching skills need to be improved. The present normal university is not even as good as the original secondary normal school in cultivating teachers' teaching literacy. Scores are important, but scores are not the point. Teachers should make children like learning, like you as a teacher, like your subject, and let children learn to learn, especially the literacy of 2 1 century mentioned today, so that children can not only learn knowledge, but also learn to be human. This is the real teaching.

A good school makes managers happy, capable and well managed. Management is only a means, and management serves learning and teaching. Sanle belongs to emotional construction, Sanhui belongs to ability construction, and Sanhao belongs to normative construction, which is very important for the principal.