1. History and culture: Kyoto is a famous historical and cultural city in Japan with a long history and rich cultural heritage, while Hangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city in China with a long history and rich cultural heritage.

2. Food culture: Kyoto's food culture is dominated by traditional Japanese cuisine, such as sushi, tempura, roasted eel and so on. Hangzhou's food culture is dominated by traditional China dishes, such as West Lake vinegar fish, Dongpo meat and Longjing shrimp.