Clinical data of 1
From June 10 to August 20 10, 2009, 590 pregnant women aged 20-42 were randomly selected by the nurses in charge, including 560 primiparas, 30 multiparas, 25 with college education or above, 308 from junior high school to senior high school and 257 from primary school.
2 the way of health education
The methods of health education are theoretical lectures, videos and health education billboards, and the contents of health education are distributed to pregnant women in the form of prescriptions. Nurses combine one-on-one guidance with pregnant women to make pregnant women fully master breastfeeding knowledge and feeding skills.
3 Health education content
3. 1 prenatal guidance
3. 1. 1 publicize the benefits of breastfeeding, explain the disadvantages of artificial feeding, let pregnant women know the benefits of breastfeeding, accept breastfeeding psychologically, and have confidence in breastfeeding after delivery.
3. 1.2 nutritional guidance and reasonable diet can ensure the special needs of pregnant women, maintain the normal metabolism of the mother, maintain the development of the fetus and breast, and prepare for delivery and breastfeeding.
3. 1.3 nipple and breast health care correction flat, invaginated nipple, put two thumbs on both sides of the nipple in parallel, slowly pull out from the nipple to the outside of both sides, and pull the areola skin and subcutaneous tissue for many times to make the nipple protrude outward. Then put two thumbs on the upper and lower sides of the nipple respectively and pull vertically from the nipple. This exercise is 3 minutes twice a day. Hold the breast with one hand, and hold the nipple with the thumb and forefinger with the other hand and pull it out twice a day, with each repetition 10 ~ 20 times. In the third trimester of pregnancy, pregnant women should scrub their nipples once a day with a wet towel (avoid soap or alcohol), 30 ~ 40 times each time, with appropriate force, but do not damage the skin. Massage the breast after 7 months of pregnancy, gently press the breast wall with your palm, pull out the nipple, and massage evenly around the breast once a day. However, pregnant women with threatened abortion and premature delivery should be forbidden to stimulate nipples [2].
3.2 postpartum guidance
3.2. 1 Pay attention to the psychological counseling of wet nurses. The mother's nervous and anxious mood is not conducive to lactation, so keep her mood cheerful and stable. After delivery, the mother and the baby live in the same room, and it takes several days to get milk. A small amount of colostrum can fully meet the baby's needs in the first few days of delivery, so don't worry. Early sucking and diligent sucking help to give milk as soon as possible and promote meconium discharge, so early sucking is advocated, that is, sucking the mother's milk half an hour after birth.
3.2.2 Correct breastfeeding posture
3.2.2. 1 Different postures can be adopted for the correct posture of the mother in breastfeeding, but the posture should be comfortable, the whole body muscles are relaxed, and the comfortable and relaxed posture, and effective sucking can promote ejection reflex and prolactin secretion, which is conducive to the increase of milk secretion [3]. The baby's body must be close to the mother's body, with the head and shoulders facing the breast and the mouth and nipple at the same level. Keep the baby's head and neck slightly stretched to prevent the nose from being pressed and affecting breathing. Mother's hands should put the thumb and four fingers on the upper and lower parts of the breast respectively, and hold up the whole breast to feed, so as to avoid scissors from pinching the breast.
3.2.2.2's correct posture when breastfeeding: the baby's body is close to the mother's body, the mouth and jaw are close to the breast, and the areola is mostly contained in the mouth. Mandibular muscles move slowly and forcefully, stretching back to the ears rhythmically.
3.2.3 The duration and interval of breastfeeding depends on the needs of the baby. Let the baby suck one breast first, then the other breast. For some babies with small appetite or excessive breast milk, it is enough for the baby to suck only one breast and squeeze out the remaining milk. Breastfeeding should be done at intervals as needed, at least 12 times within 24 hours of the first day of birth; After the mother gives milk, it is usually 8 ~ 12 times in 24 hours; 2 ~ 7 days after birth, when the baby sleeps for a long time or the mother feels flatulence, she should wake up and eat milk (once every 3 hours).
3.2.4 Nursing of breast during lactation, gently massage the breast before lactation, and clean the nipple and areola with a wet towel (avoid soap or alcohol). Pay attention to whether the baby sucks most of the areola, and gently press the baby's jaw with the index finger at the end of breastfeeding to avoid pulling out the nipple under negative oral pressure, causing local pain and injury. Every feeding should be done alternately on both sides of the breast to squeeze out the remaining milk. Instruct every mother to milk by hand correctly, use the breast pump correctly, and breast-feeding mothers should wear suitable cotton bras.
3.2.5 Before leaving the hospital, the maternal breast-feeding knowledge and skills were evaluated, and the importance of breast-feeding was re-emphasized to family members and maternal women. After discharge, the parturient insisted on breastfeeding and telephone follow-up.
Four results
A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after health education for hospitalized pregnant women. See table 1 for the knowledge of health education for pregnant women. Statistical analysis by spss 1 1.0 showed that the knowledge awareness rate before and after health education was significantly different (P < 0.00 1).
Table 1 590 Awareness rate of breastfeeding knowledge of pregnant women before and after health education (%)
5 discussion
The core of health education is to educate people to establish health awareness, promote people to change unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles, and establish a good behavioral lifestyle to reduce or eliminate risk factors affecting health [4]. Through breast-feeding health education for pregnant women, the awareness rate of breast-feeding knowledge of pregnant women is obviously improved, which is beneficial to pregnant women and society, and at the same time, the satisfaction of pregnant women with nursing work is improved.