Determine the observation target. Before observing, preschool teachers should make clear the scope, purpose and goal of their own observation around the development fields of children's body movements, language expression, intellectual development, emotions and social communication, and find out why they observe, what they observe, what they want to find and what problems they expect to solve.
Master the structure of observation records. Generally, it includes five parts: first, the basic situation of observation, such as the date of observation, the starting and ending time of observation, the place of observation, and the basic situation of the observed object. The second is the purpose, goal and method of observation; The third is the record of the observation process; Fourth, observation and analysis; Fifth, the guiding scheme or suggestion of children's sustainable development.
Correct use of basic observation methods. The basic methods of observation mainly include random observation and planned observation. Random observation refers to observation at any time, place and link of one day's activities in kindergarten. Planned observation refers to making specific arrangements for the objects, objects, occasions, time, times, observers and recording methods in advance, and making observation records as planned.
Record the observation results in detail. The observation process and results can be recorded by means of text description or narration, tables and charts, combination of pictures and texts, and also by means of video recording, photography, recording and analysis of works. Records should be: 1. Original, objective and true; Second, be meticulous and focused; Third, we should make timely and accurate records, generally using the present tense; Fourth, the recording language should be specific, clear, concise and accurate.
Scientific analysis, observation and recording of data. The analysis and observation records should be based on children, follow the characteristics of children's physical and mental development and the laws of teaching activities, and analyze with scientific children's development theory and preschool education concept: first, analyze the observation process, including what children can do and what level they have reached; The second is to interpret children's behavior from the perspectives of emotion, attitude, ability, knowledge and skills, analyze children's needs and experiences, and the need to promote children's further development. The third is to analyze the causes of children's behavior around the observation goal, combined with culture, physiology, psychology, society, environment and children's growth experience, and to clarify children's deep demands; The fourth is to link the observed findings with their own work practice for analysis.
Formulate a guiding plan to support children's further development. Based on the analysis of observation records, preschool teachers reflect on their current teaching strategies, think deeply about how to better meet children's interests, needs and possibilities, how to provide more appropriate help, guidance and support for children, how to further improve children's educational and teaching decisions and behaviors from the aspects of content, methods, strategies, environment and conditions, and make plans to support children's development on this basis.