A Case Study of Senior High School Education I
First, the basic psychological characteristics of senior high school students:
The psychology of senior high school students is very different from that of junior high school students. The high school stage is connected with the late adolescence, and the junior high school stage is connected with the middle adolescence. Therefore, they have some intersections in physical and mental development and social maturity. As the end of adolescence and the beginning of adolescence, the individual psychological development in senior high school has the following basic characteristics.
(1) is unbalanced. As a junior high school student. It is in a period of transition from naive childhood to mature youth. During this period, the physical development of senior high school students is rapidly maturing, but the psychological development lags behind the physical development. They have not yet reached the mature indicators in terms of reason, emotion, morality and social interaction, and are still in the process of individualization. In other words, the development of high school students' physical and psychological, psychological and social relations is not synchronous, with synchronization and great imbalance.
(2) Turbulence. The imbalance between physical and mental development of senior high school students and the imbalance between physical and mental development and the development of morality or other social consciousness, on the one hand, creates conditions for the development of personality and moral social consciousness, on the other hand, it also causes various contradictions and conflicts in the psychological process of senior high school students, showing a kind of immature turmoil. The turbulence of high school students' psychological development is manifested in knowledge, emotion, will and behavior. For example, they have sharp thinking, but they are one-sided and easy to go to extremes. They are enthusiastic, but impulsive and changeable. Their will quality is also developing, but perseverance is not enough when overcoming difficulties. Always put firmness and stubbornness. Courage is mixed with recklessness and adventure. Show obvious behavioral impulses. It is the age stage with the highest accident casualty rate. Confusion, depression and anxiety often appear in the relationship between society, others and self, and show more common rebellious psychology and behavior to parents and teachers. In addition, drastic physiological changes will bring about so-called
(3) autonomy. High school students are in weaning period and psychologically divorced from their parents. With the rapid development of the body, self-awareness is obviously strengthened. With the development of independent thinking and dealing with things, high school students show strong autonomy in psychology and behavior, eager to be liberated from the bondage of their parents, and begin to actively try to get rid of their parents' protection and management. They have strong self-confidence and self-esteem and are keen to show their strength and talent. No matter in the arrangement of personal life, or in the view of life and society, I began to have myself.
Opinions, one's own ideas. They are not satisfied with the explanations of their parents and teachers, or the ready-made conclusions in books. They don't trust the opinions of adults blindly, and demand facts and persuasive logic. Dare to express personal views on many things, argue endlessly and stick to your own views. If the physical weaning is that individuals leave their parents passively, then the psychological weaning is that individuals leave their parents actively.
(4) Forward-looking. Youth is the intermediary link between the past and the future, and it is the transitional stage between the past and the future. High school students in early youth have the broadest future and the best distance. They are full of longing for development and the future, which is the most desirable and broadest field for high school students. This foresight of the future makes high school students particularly full of ideals, which leads to their urgent pursuit of self-realization. This future advantage makes people always associate youth with the future of society, pointing out that
(5) enterprising. Due to the rapid development of physiology and psychology, high school students are energetic, energetic, quick-thinking, self-motivated, uneasy with the status quo, enterprising and quite ambitious. Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers? This momentum. If we say that old people are easy to be satisfied with the benefits they have obtained, they tend to maintain the status quo and do not seek progress, while young people are always full of hope and willing to explore.
(6) lock. High school students don't open their hearts to adults as often as they did when they were children. Their inner world has become more colorful, but it is not easy to show it, and their psychological development shows the characteristics of atresia. They really want to have a separate accommodation room, a personal drawer, and like to lock the drawer, as if there are some secrets they don't want others to know, but there is nothing important in it. They don't like talking to their elders very much, and they appear silent in front of them. High school students love to keep diaries, which is also a manifestation of this atresia. Keeping a diary can not only pour out your heart, but also keep a secret. The obstruction of psychological development makes high school students feel lonely easily, so they have a strong desire to be understood. They are keen to find people who know themselves and bosom friends. For intimate friends, you can tell your secrets frankly.
(7) Sociality. Although the sociality of psychological content began to appear as early as childhood, a wider and deeper socialization was completed in youth. After primary school students enter middle school, it seems that they have suddenly entered a new realm in the journey of life. If the psychological development of primary school students is mainly connected
Influenced by family and school, the psychological development of middle school students, especially high school students, is increasingly influenced by social environment. High school students are very interested in many phenomena in social real life, like to spy on new things, and want to comment on the surrounding problems like adults, so they are increasingly active in social activities. Like simulating character activities? What if I am the principal? 、? What if I am the head teacher? Requirements of autonomy, self-care, self-reliance, self-association, establishment of associations, publication, etc. It fully shows that their thoughts have gone far beyond the scope of the school, and the idea of becoming the master of the collective and the state has begun to sprout and become increasingly strong. Especially the choice of future life path has become an important issue in their consciousness. They are more realistic and serious than primary school students and junior high school students when considering their future wishes and choices. And this choice of future life path has an extremely important impact on the sociality of senior high school students' psychological development.
The above are the common psychological characteristics of senior high school students. Because of age, high school students in different grades face different psychological problems. The author observed, exchanged and investigated the psychological problems of senior high school students in relevant schools. The following is a simple analysis and discussion on these problems and their causes and family education countermeasures.
Second, the psychological problems of senior high school students in different grades and their causes
1, senior one: inadaptability to the new environment, improper learning methods, unclear learning goals, sensitive interpersonal communication, generation gap with parents, unconfident learning, incomplete self-evaluation, etc.
2. Senior two: study burden and anxiety. Puppy love? Problems, the conflict between self-image design and school rules, the difficulty in reconciling the formation of values with cultural diversity, the indifference of parent-child relationship, the contradiction between psychological plasticity and sensitivity and the rationalization of educational requirements, etc.
3, the third day: learning burden? Overweight? Psychological confusion caused by the gap between (subjective and objective) and learning maladjustment, ideal expectation and practical ability, and various psychosomatic diseases (anxiety, hypochondria, neurasthenia, exam phobia, etc. ).
There are other problems in senior high school students, such as interpersonal tension, weariness of learning, sexual repression, violent tendency, indifference, fragility, sensitivity, poor discrimination, selfishness, egoism and lack of sympathy.
There are many reasons for the above psychological problems, and different grades and problems have different reasons. There are roughly the following reasons:
1. Socio-psychological factors: At present, 95% of high school students are only children. Like their parents, they are a special generation in the history of the Republic. For example, the living and educational conditions are good, parents have high expectations for them, they face greater competition and pressure, the pace of social life changes rapidly, and the information they receive is unprecedented. At the same time, they lack the tempering of difficulties and setbacks, the family experience of brothers and sisters, and the single interpersonal relationship. Objectively, these factors tend to make their psychological quality fragile, sensitive, selfish, self-interested and lack of sense of responsibility. In the face of environmental changes, the lack of adequate psychological coping ability leads to psychological imbalance and various psychological problems, which may also be one of the important reasons why society attaches importance to students' mental health in recent years.
2. The lag and lack of family education. There is a saying in China: If a son doesn't teach, his father will make a mistake. ? However, about 60% parents have relaxed family education after their children enter high school, 20% parents only care about their children's academic performance, 45% parents have no idea about how to educate their children to enter high school, and more parents think that their children have grown up and it is useless to talk too much, as long as the school education is good. In fact, these attitudes of parents are very unfavorable to the growth of children. According to the survey, among 80% students with problem behaviors, the main reason is poor family education. (such as divorce, foster care, indulgence, doting, etc. In addition, as far as the proportion of children's time at school and at home is concerned, they spend more time at home than at school. If parents do not pay attention to creating a good family atmosphere and have no time to communicate with their children, their children will not develop good study and living habits at home, and their growth in school will also be negatively affected. For example, according to the survey, the average time for senior three students to communicate with their parents is less than 2 hours per week, and 80% of parents and children don't know what they are thinking or caring about except studying. About 60% parents lack effective family education countermeasures and measures, and their knowledge of pedagogy and psychology is seriously lacking. What if the family's education for children is just one kind? Education vacuum? Then there is a high probability that there will be various psychological problems during this period.
3. The influence of media communication. It is more appropriate to compare 2 1 century with the arrival of the internet era. With the popularity and influence of space-time networks such as television, telephone, computer and Internet, the whole earth has become a? Small and complicated? In the information village, people have been surrounded by all kinds of dazzling audio-visual information.
Existence? Vacuum? This is a fable. The challenge of information has come, but our children lack sufficient psychological preparation and discrimination. In a sense, they just appreciate and accept this information from a primitive instinct and impulse without any processing or explanation. The power of infatuation, curiosity and imitation is irresistible. What are they doing? Popular? The alienation of values cannot go hand in hand. In an idol worship survey conducted by the author, 35% of high school students worship all kinds of things. Star? Worship parents and scientists came last, accounting for only 1%. ? Children nowadays don't want to study? This is a common confusion among parents at present, and the answer may be found here.
4. Peer influence. If parents and teachers have influence on students in economy, knowledge and personality, then peers have influence on individual life, study and psychology. Classmates and friends have the same language and hobbies, and the contents and laws of study and life are similar, so it is easy to reach an understanding. The need for respect? 、? The need for love and belonging? And then what? The need for self-realization? It is the easiest to be satisfied among peers. Therefore, the influence of interpersonal relationship between peers on individual mental health is an important factor that cannot be ignored.
5. School factors. In fact, the relatively backward means and methods of school education at present have a great influence on individual psychology. The heavy academic burden of students has once again become a hot and difficult issue in education. Corporal punishment, disguised corporal punishment and psychological punishment among teachers also occur from time to time. The difficult exploration of quality education also shows students' desire for real education. One of the successes of quality education is to shape students with mental health.
Third, the countermeasures of family education.
In addition to the efforts of the school and society, family care and support are also very important for shaping children's sound personality.
1. Correct parents' educational ideas through parents' schools, and master basic knowledge of pedagogy and psychology and effective educational means and methods.
2. Parents should set an example, improve their quality, create a good family atmosphere (equality, democracy, unity, harmony and harmony) for their children, and strive to create a learning family.
3. Parent-child dialogue. Take time to communicate with children by writing letters, having heart-to-heart talks and making phone calls. Son, can we sit down and talk? The concept and mode of.
4, a comprehensive understanding of children, care for children. The communication and care of the soul can move people most. Through visiting schools and observing, we can understand children's distress, difficulties and thoughts, and be considerate, so as to shorten the psychological distance with children and solve their problems.
5. Respect children. Parents should not use their own ideas and standards to demand and measure their children's achievements and decisions, as long as they do not violate the principles, they can try their best to develop.
6. Guide correctly. Children's shortcomings and mistakes are not criticism, but analysis, guidance and help to correct them. The problem is not to cover up, but to solve and treat.
Case analysis of high school education II
Wang, male, age 17, senior two student. Poor academic performance, average intelligence, stubborn personality, strong self-esteem and serious rebellious psychology. Be rude to teachers and get along well with classmates. Parents and individual teachers have serious resistance to education.
Case study:
Students' rebellious behavior is the performance of entering adolescence, and many adolescent children have rebellious psychology towards adults. They often interpret the criticism and help of their parents and teachers as giving them little shoes, thinking that they have hurt themselves, so they will show a serious hostile tendency. There are three main reasons: First, improper family education. Wang's father is busy with business and seldom communicates with his children. When encountering problems, he will reprimand and abuse the children and protect them in front of the teachers. His mother is mainly concerned about the child's nutritional status and academic performance, ignoring the child's ideological education, thinking that the child will be sensible when he is young. On the issue of children's education, their ways are often inconsistent. Second, individual teachers don't understand the psychological characteristics of students, can't treat his mistakes correctly, and handle them improperly, which leads to intensified contradictions and conflicts. Third, teenagers' unique characteristics of being semi-naive and semi-mature make them prone to prejudice when they look at problems. They think that it is brave and heroic to dare to face teachers and parents, so they blindly resist and reject all criticisms.
Consultation method:
1, strive for parents' active cooperation: first, get in touch with parents, understand Wang's family situation and performance, communicate with parents, and reach a consensus on children's education, so as to prescribe the right medicine.
2. Improve the family education environment: guide parents to read some books to educate their children and improve their education level. Create a good democratic family environment, make friends with children, encourage and praise more, criticize and scold less, treat children's needs reasonably, don't dampen their self-esteem, respect and trust him. Take time to take your child to nature to breathe fresh air, arrange meaningful birthday celebrations for him, design various warm family activities, influence him with affection, and gradually eliminate his rebellious psychology.
3, the spring breeze melts the rain, and insists on guiding education: teachers should treat this kind of students correctly, avoid direct criticism, avoid direct conflict with him, pay attention to protecting his self-esteem, and adopt the education method of combining rigidity with softness. Don't call his name in front of the class when he makes a mistake. Instead, when talking to him alone, we should be emotional, reasonable and patient, help him distinguish right from wrong, realize his mistakes, and be willing to take the initiative to correct them. Gradually ease the tense teacher-student relationship.
4. Take advantage of the situation, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses: Teachers should be good at tapping the bright spots of students and give full play to their roles. Take advantage of Wang's advantages in mathematics, physics and chemistry, set up a helping group, let him be the leader, and let him transfer most of his thoughts to his hobbies. The trust of teachers and the support of classmates have greatly changed his attitude.
5. My self-regulation: guide Wang to read books and periodicals about the successful deeds of some great men and scientists, broaden his horizons, constantly motivate himself, and let him know that only those who are broad-minded and can accept other people's opinions can achieve great things. Pay attention to learning, inspire and induce him to get out of the wrong psychological misunderstanding.
6. Regular and lasting psychological counseling: Wang's stubborn rebellious psychology cannot be eliminated by persuasion and education once or twice. We should grasp it repeatedly and pay more attention to him at ordinary times.
Emotional changes, frequent communication with him, in-depth understanding of his inner world, to help him solve adolescent troubles.
Consultation effect:
Through counseling, Wang's rebellious mentality has improved, and the tense relationship with classmates and teachers has also been alleviated. The biggest change is that he can take the initiative to admit that he did something wrong, study harder than before, raise his hand to answer questions in class, hand in his homework on time, and improve his academic performance.
Case analysis of senior high school education III
Dong, female, age 17, senior two student. My academic performance is moderate, I like to write poems and help others. In the first semester of senior one, I had a close relationship with a boy in my class, but from the second semester of senior two, they suddenly ignored each other. The boy had frequent contacts with a close female companion of Dong, and Dong began to stay away from them. He was depressed all day, and he was often distracted and in a daze in class. After school, I was alone in a corner, not talking to anyone. I have regressed in several exams.
Case study:
The girl was originally a lively and cheerful girl, and the reason for her depression was frustration in two aspects:
1, communication is frustrated. After entering adolescence, with the maturity of physiology and the germination of sexual consciousness, both male and female students will have a good impression and admiration for the opposite sex. It is normal for Dong and the boys in the class to have a good impression on each other and have close contacts. However, due to the intervention of classmates and friends, Dong suddenly felt a strong sense of communication frustration. He thinks that his male partner is alienated from himself because of other female classmates, and feels that he is not as attractive to the opposite sex as others, and his self-confidence begins to decline.
2. Self-esteem is frustrated. Dong has a strong desire to serve the class. He always wants to stop the bad phenomena in his class, but considering that he is not a class cadre, he wants to run for the class cadre for fear that others will say that he is meddling and can't do the work. But I lost the election. Dong thinks that he has performed well in many aspects and has the desire to serve his classmates, but he has not been recognized by everyone and his self-esteem has been hurt.
Consultation method:
1, individual talks. Have a heart-to-heart talk with Dong, gain his trust, understand his psychological state, the causes of the problems, and seek solutions with her.
2. Divert your attention and develop your hobbies. Taking advantage of Dong's love of writing poems, we can help Dong develop her hobby, encourage him to contribute to middle school students' journals and divert her attention.
3. Encourage them to regain their confidence and challenge failure. Take advantage of the opportunity of the general election of class cadres to encourage Dong to face the challenge again and participate in the election. Before the election, Dong made a comprehensive analysis to let him know his strengths and weaknesses, make full preparations for the election, and face the election with confidence.
4. Organize class activities and provide counseling for men and women. Hold a discussion on adolescent communication in the class, so that students can speak their thoughts boldly and give guidance at the same time. And take this opportunity to let Dong take the initiative to find the original male classmates and girlfriends to communicate and eliminate misunderstandings.
Consultation effect:
Dong was elected in the class election, and now he is busy among his classmates all day; Her poems were also published in the lieutenant colonel's newspaper, and she began to attract more attention. At the same time, she also resumed her friendship with her ex-girlfriend and boys; In this state, her grades are gradually improving. no
Needless to say, Dong has recovered his confidence very well. Now there is always a smile on her face, and the lovely girl smiles again.
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