The physical environment includes the physical conditions and facilities of the activity room. Spiritual environment refers to the educational atmosphere and interpersonal relationship between teachers and children.
Status:
Kindergarten work rules
"Create a good environment to adapt to education"
"We should make full use of the favorable conditions of the surrounding environment, actively take the senses as the principle, and flexibly use the forms of group activities and individual activities to provide children with opportunities for full activities."
Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (for Trial Implementation)
Kindergartens should provide healthy and rich living and activity environments for young children, meet their various development needs, and enable them to gain experiences beneficial to their physical and mental development in a happy childhood.
Visible:
The creation and management of class environment has risen to almost the same position as daily teaching activities.
A good class environment is very important and necessary for children's healthy growth and development.
Meaning:
First, it is conducive to children's physical, mental and intellectual development.
Secondly, it plays a key role in children's social development.
Third, the class environment is an important factor in curriculum design and implementation.
Basic principles:
First, the principle of consistency between environment and educational goals.
Second, the principle of applicability
Third, the principle of safety.
Fourth, the principle of children's participation
Five, the principle of creativity
The content of creating kindergarten class environment
Including the creation of material environment and spiritual environment.
The creation of the physical environment includes:
First, set various activity angles in the activity room.
It can be set for children in the activity room. These activity corners provide children with opportunities and space for activities.
The art corner is a place for children to provide artistic activities.
The book corner can enrich children's knowledge and intelligence by reading.
There are many forms of book corner. Kindergartens with good conditions can make special bookcases and bookshelves, and narrow kindergartens can set book corners on the windowsill. The better effect is the pocket book corner. Bag corner has the characteristics of simplicity, no space occupation, low price, convenient for children to take and send books, elegant appearance and rich children's interest.
Second, the layout of columns such as home and Little Red Square
Homestead and Little Red Column are indispensable columns in kindergarten.
Homestead column is a garden for teachers and parents to communicate. This column can help parents understand and master the teaching situation of kindergartens and children's learning situation in kindergartens, and cooperate with teachers to do a good job in education. Teachers should also introduce some educational information to parents and educate their children through the family email column. Parents can also send their opinions, opinions and requirements to teachers through email to work together to educate children.
The little red land is to praise and encourage children's progress and stimulate their positive wishes. The content represented by small red flowers can be established according to children's characteristics and conditions, such as small red flowers for nap, small red flowers for eating, small red flowers for study, small red flowers for discipline and small red flowers for hygiene. On the weekend, we can compare who has the most red flowers and who has made the greatest progress. The establishment of a small red field in kindergarten can help children develop morally, intellectually and physically.
Third, the use of tile walls in kindergartens.
Setting ceramic tile walls in kindergartens provides good conditions for teachers and students to participate in decoration and painting, which is an ideal way to decorate the kindergarten environment.
In the process of designing and arranging the environment jointly by teachers and students, children's works are arranged on the tile wall of the activity room, so that children can add intimacy to their living environment and feel at home in class. Combine theme education with seasonal changes, change children's works at any time, and impart knowledge to children imperceptibly.
Fourth, decorate the kindergarten environment with paper stickers and cloth stickers.
1. It is a good way to decorate the kindergarten environment with various paper stickers. The various papers mentioned here include blow-molded paper, cotton wool paper, old calendar paper, handmade paper and self-adhesive paper. The works pasted with these papers have bright colors, vivid pictures and certain artistic effects. For example, using advanced color self-adhesive paper to paste glass paintings and decorate the kindergarten environment has achieved remarkable results. In this case, the bright colors of self-adhesive and the transparency of glass are skillfully combined to form a novel artistic style, which is very popular with children. Especially the theme content not only beautifies the environment, but also educates and inspires children. The glass painting pasted with self-adhesive paper has many advantages. The most important thing is that it is not afraid of water and rubbing, and it is not easy to be damaged and can be replaced at any time.
2. Decorating the kindergarten environment with stickers will create a novel and unique space for children.
Arranged in the stairwell and activity room, children can get beautiful feelings, cultivate their sentiments and get education in a subtle way.
Children are naive and lively, and the formation of their early personality and habits is closely related to the environment. Children's physical weakness determines their dependence on the environment, and the plasticity of children's behavior determines the universality of environmental effects. The particularity of children's physical and mental development determines the importance of creating a good educational environment for children.
The creation of spiritual environment refers to the social living environment that has a practical impact on people's psychology, including all people, things and things that have an impact on people. As a kind of care and education institution, kindergarten's psychological environment includes all the spaces where children live, study and play, especially the atmosphere of children's study, activities and life, as well as the interpersonal relationship and atmosphere of kindergarten, which has a subtle influence on children's physical and mental development.
The educational content includes
1. Establish an interactive environment between teachers and students.
Love, respect and understand children.
Every child is an independent individual. Suhomlinski famously said, "The whole mystery of educational skills lies in how to take care of children." As a teacher, it is a very important educational concept to love all children with a broad mind, not just a few children. There is a proverb: everyone likes beautiful children, but love for ugly children is true love. The "beautiful" and "ugly" children mentioned here are not only beautiful and ugly in appearance, but also good and bad in virtue and politics. In kindergartens, there are indeed some ugly children who are naughty, disobedient, violate discipline and have poor grades. Teachers need extra care and help for these children.
Create a good learning atmosphere and mobilize children's learning enthusiasm.
Teaching process is a bilateral activity between teachers and children. Teachers must really establish a good learning atmosphere if they want to mobilize their children to participate in learning. A good learning atmosphere can arouse children's attention and interest in learning, so that children can have a pleasant successful experience and maintain a positive learning attitude. Give an example of "painting again, what a nuisance" in art class, and the teacher's countermeasures.
2. Establish an interactive peer environment.
Teachers' participation in the establishment of children's good physique
The body is the foundation of our social life. Each of us lives in a body, and children are no exception. As a specific social member, children should first belong to the kindergarten class collective in the physiological sense. When a teacher establishes a class group for the first time, he should adhere to the educational attitude of positive education and collective education, so that children's individual talents can be fully exerted in the group and gradually make children feel confident and independent. Teachers should pay attention to guide, encourage and help children to participate in various activities, affirm and praise their enthusiasm and good performance at any time, and stimulate their initiative.
Establish good interpersonal communication and relationships.
Teachers and children have a tendency to like communication, and their psychological wishes and spiritual needs can be met through communication activities. Through colorful and friendly exchanges, it is undoubtedly beneficial to the mental health of teachers and children to eliminate the indifference and tension in interpersonal communication and avoid the adverse consequences brought by the "lonely world". Teachers should master and understand the various ways and activities in the process of children's interaction with others, so as to effectively train their social activity ability according to their differences. Therefore, teachers should use the collective strength to correct the bad tendencies in children's communication and cultivate children's good communication quality.
Skills and methods of expression
There are many forms and techniques of indoor environment layout in kindergartens, such as plane, three-dimensional, painting, decorative painting, and pictures made of waste materials and natural materials.
paper cutting
Blow paper printing
Color ink painting
Asphalt paint
Paste pictures
Paper relief
Paper-cutting: a folk art form with paper as the material and cutting and engraving as the main modeling means.
Two characteristics:
Strong decoration
Strong interest
Blow paper printing
Blow-molded paper printed matter is a printed matter made of blow-molded paper. It has the characteristics of soft texture, convenient use and good picture effect, and is very suitable for kindergarten class environment layout and children's printmaking.
Color ink painting
Also known as modern heavy color painting, it is a new decorative art form that combines ink and heavy color, freehand brushwork and meticulous painting, modernity and tradition on Korean paper.
Features:
rich and colorful
It has wonderful and unique mechanism effect.
Novel and full of artistic charm
Method:
Paper kneading method
Water spraying and salt spraying methods
Oil-water separation method: first paint on paper with anti-dye materials such as crayons and oil pastels, and then paint with wet color or ink, which will cause oil-water separation and multi-tone.
Asphalt paint
It is a kind of craft painting with cheap and easily available materials, simple technology and strong decoration.
Paste pictures
Use all kinds of materials in life, such as rags, newspapers, feathers, packaging boxes, plant seeds, etc. , to collage novel decorative paintings.
According to the different materials, it can be divided into:
Paper sticker
Eggshell sticker
Patch painting
Butterfly and feather stickers
Glass mosaic brick
Point materials: seeds, thumbtacks, stones, etc.
Comprehensive material collage
Paper relief
This is a paper work of art with relief effect. Its image is exaggerated, its lines are concise, its decoration is strong, its materials are easy to find and its tools are simple and convenient.
Have a strong three-dimensional sense
A picture about the layout of kindergarten class environment, find out which expressions are used.
Wall design method in kindergarten clas environment creation
Determine the theme
According to the needs of education and teaching, determine the main content of wall decoration.
creative
Create according to the predetermined theme. Teachers need creativity and insight in observation, capture, memory and accumulation.
collect material
With a certain idea, you can find materials through various channels.
reset
According to the collected materials, they are reassembled according to the law of composition, so as to increase artistic charm and better artistic conception.
Figure: Theme wall
Problems existing in the creation of kindergarten class environment at present
First of all, the creation and utilization of the environment has no educational significance.
Lens 1: A kindergarten is setting up a "New Year's Day" environment. With the help of parents, 100 many children made 100 many lanterns of different sizes. Three teachers risked falling down and spent most of their time hanging these colorful lanterns in the lobby and corridor. The originally empty halls and corridors became colorful, and teachers and pedestrians passing by stopped to watch and said it was beautiful. A group of children lined up across the hall and were attracted by the color and shape of lanterns. They talked endlessly about it. At this time, the team was a little loose and the teacher was angry. Instead of guiding the children to observe the changes in the holiday environment, she severely criticized the children and punished them for not going to see lanterns after class.
Lens 2: The corner activities in a kindergarten are very distinctive. Each class has at least 7 ~ 8 areas for children to explore in groups, and the content is very rich. However, the author sees that the pictures used by children in language areas to arrange pictures are neat and have accumulated a layer of dust; Several plastic puzzles in the intellectual activity area were ignored, because these materials were too difficult for the children in this class to be interested at all.
Second, the creation and use of environment and curriculum separation
Case:
Q: Did you decorate these wall decorations in your activity room?
A: I arranged it with another teacher.
Q: What is the first consideration for wall decoration? What is the second consideration?
A: We first consider whether it meets the age characteristics of young children, and then consider whether it is artistic. To be honest, we don't have much time to think about this and that. I think I can consider both of these aspects almost!
Q: So, when you create a corner, do you think so?
A: Almost, but when creating a corner, we should also consider the choice of several kinds of toys and materials, the size of the venue and other issues.
Third, the creation and utilization of the environment is not open.
Lens 1: The traditional kindergarten activity room is mostly a closed space. All toys and materials are placed around the classroom, leaving a lot of room for children to put tables and chairs in the middle, which is the place for children to carry out collective education. In order to ensure the safety of children in the kindergarten and avoid accidents, some kindergartens try their best to stay indoors and reduce the outdoor activities time of children without authorization.
Lens 2: Some kindergartens have created many special classrooms, but they are rarely used. Only when the superior comes to the park for inspection will it be open for use. After the acceptance of some demonstration experimental kindergartens, the original feeding horns and plantations were also closed and no longer used.