1623 June 19 was born in clermont-ferrand, Dom. Pascal had no formal school education. His mother died when he was four years old, and his father and two sisters, who were highly educated and served as government officials, were responsible for his education and training. His father is a respected mathematician. Under his careful education, Pascal was proficient in Euclidean geometry at an early age. He independently discovered the first 32 theorems of Euclid, and the order was completely correct. 12 years old, he found that "the sum of the angles in the triangle is equal to 180 degrees" and began to learn mathematics from his father. Pascal moved to Paris with his family in 163 1. Father found Pascal promising. At the age of 65,438+06, he was lovingly taken to the academic activities of the group of Pakistani mathematicians and physicists (the predecessor of French Academy of Sciences), which opened his eyes. At the age of 65,438+07, Pascal wrote the article "The Theory of Cone Section" with a high level of mathematics, which was the result of his study of De Salgues's classic works on integral projective geometry.

Pascal moved to Rouen with his family in 164 1. From 1642 to 1644, Pascal invented the adder, which is the earliest calculator in the world and is now on display in the French Museum. He accepted religious teachings, but still devoted himself to scientific experiments. From 65438 to 0653, Pascal devoted himself to the study of vacuum and hydrostatics and achieved a series of important results. 1647 returned to Paris to live. According to Torricelli's theory, he did a lot of experiments, and the experiment in 1647 caused a sensation in Paris. He himself said that the fundamental guiding ideology of his experiment is to oppose the traditional concept that "nature hates vacuum". From 1647 to 1648, he published papers on vacuum. 1648, Pascal conceived and carried out the experiment of measuring atmospheric pressure at different heights in the same area, and found that atmospheric pressure increased with the decrease of height. In recent years, Pascal made new discoveries in his experiments and made many important inventions, such as the invention of syringe and hydraulic press, and the improvement of Torricelli mercury barometer. From 1649 to 165 1, Pascal and his collaborator Pierre measured the changes of atmospheric pressure in detail at the same place, and became pioneers in weather forecasting with barometer. 165 1 year, Pascal began to summarize his experimental results. 1654, he wrote a paper on liquid balance and air weight, which was officially published in 1663. Pascal then turned to theological research, and 1655 entered Petraeus' theological center. Starting from skepticism, he thinks that perceptual and rational knowledge are unreliable, and thus draws the conclusion that faith is above everything else.

Pascal died in August of 1662 at the age of 39. In memory of Pascal, later generations named the unit of pressure after him, abbreviated as "PA" (P).