19 19 (in the eighth year of the Republic of China) In May, Beijing launched the May 4th Movement, with students from Gansu in Beijing participating, and students from various schools in Lanzhou also organized demonstrations. Zhang Guangjian from Gansu dispatched military and police to suppress it.

The outbreak of the May 4th Movement had a great impact on isolated and backward Gansu. Dozens of Gansu students in Beijing, including Deng Chungao, Wang Autonomy and Wang Hesheng, took part in the May 4th Movement. Afterwards, they wrote letters and distributed leaflets to tell the people in their hometown, so that the spirit of the May 4th Movement quickly spread to Gansu. Students from Lanzhou and other places have organized demonstrations and electrified their patriotic actions in support of Beijing students.

At the beginning of A.D. 1920, Gansu students in Beijing launched a frugal movement, and collectively raised funds to buy and send progressive books and periodicals for the people in their hometown. In March of the same year, Zhang et al., a student studying in Gansu, Peking University, founded Xinlong Magazine with more than 40 members, and set up a special correspondent in Lanzhou and institutions all over the province. According to the aim of "I hope the people of Gansu will make conscious efforts to improve the dirty society", Xinlong magazine published a series of expositions on politics, culture, education and women in Gansu, and reprinted articles by Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei and Hu Shi promoting new ideas and new cultures.

Influenced by the May 4th Movement, with the spread of progressive books and periodicals such as Xinlong, more and more Gansu people joined the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle. Christian era

1920 in may, teachers and students of Gansu public specialized school of political science and law, provincial No.1 middle school, No.1 normal school, female teachers, industrial schools, agricultural schools and Huaying held a "May 7" national humiliation memorial meeting in Lanzhou, and marched in the streets and lanes to expose the ferocious face of Japanese imperialism and the crime of Beijing government's pro-Japanese treason. Although this activity was obstructed and destroyed by the military and police, it aroused the patriotic sentiment of Lanzhou industry, agriculture, commerce and other circles and forced them to resign. Bざ？ ⒙つ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑ ⒑

From 65438 to 0922, Lanzhou No.6 Middle School initiated the organization of Gansu Middle School Students' Federation with the goal of "improving society and supporting national rights".

1923 In May, more than 20,000 students and citizens of Lanzhou gathered to call on the Beijing government to demand the abolition of the unequal treaties, take back Lushun and Dalian, and call on the people of the whole province to refuse to buy Japanese goods, which formed a great momentum for a while.

Under the influence of the May 4th Movement, Gansu people launched a large-scale anti-Zhang (lightsaber) movement. Zhang Guangjian served as the governor of Gansu for seven years, and rebelled against extortion, which was hated by Gansu people. As early as AD

19171year, Shi Shichang, Cai Dayu and others launched the "anti-tension" movement. 19 19 in the summer, students studying in Beijing, fellow villagers' associations in Gansu, people from all walks of life in the province with electricity supply and garrison generals in various towns once again launched the "anti-Zhang" movement. With the growing voice of the people in Gansu Province, Zhang Guangjian was forced to fall from Gansu in 192 1 and 1.

Zhang guangjian's period

19 14 (in the third year of the Republic of China) 1 In June, Yuan Shikai sent Anhui Zhang Guangjian to control the northwest regime. When Zhang entered Gansu, he took a Huncheng brigade in the name of the governor's envoy, which was well-equipped and had never been seen by local troops in Gansu. After arriving in Lanzhou, he was divided into two new armies, Zuo Jun in the eastern suburb of the provincial capital, and Wu Pangui as the leader of the Anhui Army. The right army was stationed in Lintao, and Anhui native Wu Tongren was in town. In addition, more than 1000 able-bodied men were selected as guards and stationed at the headquarters. When Ma Anliang was stationed in Shuaifu Street (now Huzhu Lane) near Nanguan Cross, the provincial capital, in the name of prefect, some of them were stationed in Xiguan and Hualin Mountain, Hebei Province. Later, due to repeated provocations by Zhang Guangjian, he was unable to resist, so he led the team back to his hometown in Hezhou.

Here, I want to talk about why the protection movement in Gansu started from the land (road) river (week). The reason is that this Ma Anliang returned to the army. Zhang Guangjian came to take advantage of him, and Ma Anliang was angry with Zhang Guangjian, so he had an ideological foundation for Zhang. When Ma's third son, Ma, served as an assistant in the presidential palace in Beijing, he had close contact with the revolutionaries such as Lantian Wei and expressed his support for the revolution. After he returned to Hezhou, he persuaded his father Ma Anliang to support and respond to the movement of protecting the law. Because Ma Anliang agreed to the plan, he assassinated Li, which deepened the contradiction between Hui and Han, and deeply regretted it. Therefore, he agreed with this revolutionary plan, and also wanted to take this opportunity to reconcile the relationship between Hui and Han, clear the obstacles for the future of future generations, and even more wanted to regain the political situation in Gansu. In this way, Ma Anliang invited Cai Dayu and others to discuss with Hezhou. Ma Anliang meant that the uprising should be led by the Han people, because there was a gap between the Hui people in Gansu in history. If the Hui people stand up first, they may be misunderstood by the Han people and say that the Hui people have rebelled again. As a result, members of the League, such as Zheng Ruiqing, Jiao Tongqin, Hu, Bian Yongfu, Zhao Xuepu, Cai Dayu and Yang, plotted to launch a new right army uprising in Didao and Lintao. After the failure, Zhang Guangjian set up an inspection bureau in Lanzhou to suppress it. Zhao, Bian and Hu died, while Zheng and others were arrested and imprisoned. Cai and Jiao first hid in Hezhou. Because Zhang Guangjian was very strict in tracing, Ma Luyou, the battalion commander sent by Ma Anliang, was transferred to Sichuan via Tibetan areas. His family stayed in Hezhou for many years before going to Sichuan. Yang went to Qinghai Tibetan area. Because of Lintao's protection movement, Zhang Guangjian was afraid that Ma Anliang would really break with himself, so he appointed his third son Ma (Xiang) as Liangzhou Shoujiang, and the contradiction between Ma and Zhang began to ease.

In order to win over the local Hui people, Zhang Guangjian became brothers with Ma Fuxiang and sent envoys to Ma Qi, Ninghai. Longnan brought Confucius and gave himself a protege. Gansu was peaceful for some time.

During Zhang Guangjian's reign as governor of Gansu, he appointed private individuals and became corrupt, resulting in political corruption and financial losses, which was opposed by the generals of the Han Dynasty and the gentry of Gansu. Just in time for the direct Anhui War, Anhui was defeated, and Zhang Guangjian of Anhui Department was appointed to leave his post, leaving Gandu vacant, and staged a scene in which eight towns seized the office. Eight towns in Gansu and four towns in Han. Longdong Zhang Zhao, Longnan Kong, Suzhou Wu Tongren, Hezhou Pei, Push. Ma Hongbin in Ningxia, Maqi in Xining, Ma Ting in Liangzhou and Mayi in Ganzhou pushed Ma Fuxiang. The two sides are ready to start fighting (Hansi Town 1.5 million yuan, Huisi Town 1.2 million yuan). An important mosque was damaged by the earthquake. Ma Fuxiang thought it was providence, so he resigned and was replaced by Lu Hongtao. In order to appease Ma Fuxiang, Beijing granted Suiyuan the command. Ma Fuxiang ceded Ningxia to Ma Hongbin (the son of his brother Ma Fulu), brought Ma Hongkui into Suiyuan, and Ma Ning's influence extended to Inner Mongolia.

For a time, the situation became worse and worse. Zhang Guangjian was appointed as the governor of Longnan, and Kong (his hometown from Anhui) led the fourth battalion to the provincial capital. Zhang's confidant, Yin Kong Xian Ting of Lanshan Road, plundered a lot of wealth in Gansu, fearing that it would be inconvenient to leave Gansu in the future. Go to Beijing via Ningxia, arrive in Yinchuan and be detained by Fuxiang. Zhang Wenxun was frightened and left Gansu in the winter of 1920.