Its essence is the requirement: within the limited time in the classroom, by optimizing the classroom teaching structure, students can learn independently and explore cooperatively, so as to realize the three-dimensional goals put forward in the new curriculum more effectively. Efficiency is the goal of classroom teaching, and autonomy is the means of classroom learning. After the new curriculum reform, our classroom has changed from single and dull to full of vitality, with more forms, more patterns and more colorful classrooms. However, through these impetuous and dazzling phenomena, we find that the pallor and emptiness behind the glory and many flashy classroom teaching forms have seriously affected the implementation effect of the new curriculum. So how to build an independent and efficient classroom?
First, optimizing the preparation before class is the premise of building an independent and efficient classroom.
Learning needs conditions, and preview is the guarantee. Preview is divided into short-term preview and long-term preview. The biggest advantage of preview is that it helps to form a virtuous circle of learning. Preview allows students to take the initiative, and those who stand in the position of active attack are of course easy to win the battle. Preview is the prelude to achieving high efficiency in the classroom, the basis for teachers to understand the learning situation, grasp the important and difficult points of classroom teaching and training, guide students to preview and preset classroom generation, and the guarantee for in-depth thinking and training.
Preview should be targeted, find important and difficult points, and preview with questions. Preview should be concentrated, while reading and thinking, while commenting. Preview should be discoverable, and finding problems is the key to preview. We can try to use preview paper (attached with the operation outline of preview paper), and the preview content can be completed at one time or in several times, or we can adjust the preview goal according to the article type and arrange other content. Preview should also have a clear purpose.
Second, optimizing the time schedule is the premise of independent and efficient classroom.
The classroom structure of autonomous colleges requires the classroom to be lively, so the traditional one-way listening classroom structure must be changed and replaced by a multi-dimensional modern classroom structure. The traditional one-way listening structure presents two forms: teachers' exclusive and teachers' lectures, and its information is one-way. Teachers monopolize the classroom or basically perform alone, students learn passively, and the classroom is just a lecture hall. Students passively accept knowledge, do not think positively, and rely entirely on teachers. Its teaching methods are spoon-feeding and injection. The teacher tells the students to listen, the teacher writes the students to copy, and the teacher plays the students to watch, teach without learning, and talk without practicing. As soon as the teacher opened his mouth and reached out, he filled it out. Sometimes questioning students is also for teaching. Teachers' enthusiasm is high, students' initiative is poor, students' thirst for knowledge is restrained and they lack interest in learning. Teachers ask questions, call for answers, and have poor expression skills. They are so shy that they hardly raise their hands. This kind of classroom teaching structure is a stagnant structure, and the teaching efficiency is low. The information feedback of multi-directional three-dimensional structure is multi-directional, and there is parallel influence between students, so the classroom becomes a school. The classroom atmosphere is good, students speak boldly, discuss with each other, speak freely, have a strong thirst for knowledge, and solve problems efficiently in class. Its teaching method is modern heuristic, students teach themselves, teachers give targeted lectures, teachers and students ask each other questions and explore the truth. Teachers pay attention to developing intelligence and cultivating ability. Classroom teaching is alive but not empty, real but not dead. The traditional one-way listening structure is that teachers bring textbooks to students, while the multi-directional three-dimensional structure is that teachers lead students to textbooks. We need the latter, not the former. Seek life to be based on seeking truth from facts, so as to live but not empty; Seeking truth from facts should be linked with seeking truth, so as to seek truth from facts and not die. Only by laying a solid foundation in reality can we build a tall building for Chinese teaching, otherwise it will be just a castle in the air.
Thirdly, optimizing the guidance of learning methods is the way to build an independent and efficient classroom.
The ancients said: Give people fish, don't give people fish, give people fish just for a meal, and give people fish for life. German educator Steward also said: A bad teacher teaches truth, while a good teacher teaches students to discover truth. Therefore, the fundamental goal of education is to realize the all-round development of students. In order to achieve this goal, students must be fully encouraged to develop, induce and tap their potential.
Teaching method is an activity way that teachers and students combine with each other to achieve teaching goals, including teachers' teaching methods and students' learning methods, while students' learning methods are actually learning methods under the guidance of teachers.
1, teaching method restricts learning method and has an important influence on classroom teaching efficiency. Teachers should choose teaching methods scientifically and reasonably, and pay attention to the following four principles: inspiration principle, vividness principle, autonomy principle and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude principle. Heuristic principle means that methods should be good at stimulating students' learning initiative and inspiring their positive thinking; The principle of vividness means that the method should be artistic, attractive and infectious; The principle of autonomy means that the method should let students take the initiative to participate and fully reflect the students' dominant position; The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is to deal with the relationship between the whole and the individual.
2. There are many kinds of classroom teaching methods, with different contents, different class hours and different teaching methods. At present, only one teaching method is rarely used in a class, and the single use of a certain teaching method is not conducive to the development of students' intelligence. Therefore, in teaching, we should combine various teaching methods to be flexible, interesting and effective, reflecting the characteristics of the times and teachers' style. Only in this way can the teaching methods be scientific and the teaching efficiency be improved.
3. Teachers' teaching activities should change from simply attaching importance to teaching methods to attaching importance not only to teaching methods, but also to learning methods. This can induce students to think actively, master learning methods, form self-study ability, master the ability of obtaining information, exchanging information, exchanging ideas and expressing ideas skillfully, and improve their skills of understanding, analyzing and solving problems.
(1) the cultivation of questioning ability
Finding problems is the premise of solving problems, and sometimes finding problems is more important than solving them. It is very important to cultivate students' questioning ability in primary school. We can cultivate students' questioning ability from many angles: from the topic, from the use of words, from the content, from the contradiction, from the use of language punctuation, from the writing, from the center, from the ellipsis, from the end, from the connection (sentences, paragraphs; Ask questions inside and outside class. The cultivation of questioning ability can be divided into three stages, namely, daring to ask questions, being good at asking questions and expanding questions.
(2) The cultivation of self-study ability since enlightenment.
Self-reading since enlightenment is an important ability to realize high-level thinking, and its key lies in reading and feeling. From the content point of view, once the word is understood, the meaning of the word can be understood through full-text reading; Second, understand the content and know what to write in the article; Third, realize the idea and understand the writing order of the content; Four points of understanding of writing, find the characteristics of expression. From the way of presentation, I can express my feelings that I want to communicate with you in class by practicing my pen and using eclectic language, and I can also express my feelings by reading aloud, reading a textbook drama, rapping and excerpting. In this way, students can appreciate the taste of the article and the personality of thinking.
In addition, the instruction and operation of learning methods in Chinese teaching should run through the whole teaching activities, and classroom teaching should be the main base for instruction and training of learning methods. For example, guide students to strengthen information storage and accumulation by consulting dictionaries, reading silently and writing outlines. Draw nutrition from textbooks with both literary literacy and aesthetic literacy, and actively find ways to find and think about solving problems; In classroom teaching, through group discussion, question debate and other forms, students are provided with opportunities to actively study and participate in learning activities; In the process of subject examination, we should pay more attention to the test of students' application ability and design the questions reasonably, which not only checks students' mastery of relevant knowledge points, but also urges students to pay attention to the mastery of learning methods.
Fourthly, optimizing practice consolidation is a measure to build an independent and efficient classroom.
Practice is an important link for students to consolidate new knowledge and develop their thinking. It is also a necessary way for teachers to collect feedback information and improve teaching in time. Practice is not just mechanical repetition. The design of exercises is a knowledge, and every teacher should make efforts to explore and study it.
According to different contents and different students, the design of exercises tends to be diversified. Teachers should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, optimize the design of each exercise, so that the exercises can really give full play to their maximum effectiveness and let students change themselves into practice.