I. Children's psychological development
Professor Zhang talked about some viewpoints in this class, which I think is quite different from the urgency and utility of the current educational situation. She said, "once you are physically prepared to complete this movement, training can get twice the result with half the effort, and early training has little effect on the result." I have a deep understanding of this sentence, and I have never advocated letting students accept things that are inconsistent with school age. I should have received high-intensity knowledge training too early to play ball.
Learning is an individual's relatively lasting change through emotion, thought and behavior. Usually, acquiring written knowledge and consolidating exam results is only a narrow understanding. In the theoretical model of learning, I see that children's learning is influenced by external evaluation, which can stimulate children's internal motivation and produce the desire and strength for in-depth learning.
Unlimited praise and reward will not have a positive effect on learning itself. Learning is an individual's unique task. It abides by the rules and has a sense of responsibility and mission. Although we also advocate encouraging companionship and example guidance in family education, in the final analysis, children's internal development needs to be completed and sublimated by themselves. As parents, we can't replace them to experience the necessary hardships and setbacks on the road to growth.
Psychologist Piaget pointed out that human cognitive development has gone through four stages:
0-3 years old, nastic movement stage. Establishing a good attachment relationship with family members, thus extending trust in the world, is the focus of work at this stage, provided that family relationships need strong stability.
3-7 years old, it is the preoperative stage. This stage will use symbolic thinking, increase internal representation, and like to look at problems from one's own point of view, which is a critical period for cultivating imagination and creativity. We should properly develop and create symbolic games that conform to the law of children's growth and guide the development of creative language.
7- 1 1 year, specific operation stage. At this stage, children's cognitive structure has been reorganized and improved, and their thinking is flexible, but they still need the support of specific affairs. Children can't think abstractly and logically, and they are still rigid in obeying the rules.
1 1 year-old-adult, formal operation stage. At this stage, children's thinking is carried out in the form of propositions, and they can develop the relationship between propositions. By using "hypothesis-deduction" reasoning, they have the ability of systematic thinking, can detect the concern of others, and can also use rules flexibly.
Second, the psychological development of teenagers.
Regarding the definition of teenagers, Professor Zhang mentioned in his lecture that "junior high school students are in adolescence and senior high school students are in early adolescence". In short, teenagers include the whole middle school stage. Because this stage is at the second peak of physical and mental development, the parent-child relationship has encountered unprecedented challenges, especially because of the contradictions and conflicts caused by academic problems. If it is not handled well, it will directly increase the later communication and maintenance costs. We can't unilaterally put an end to the freedom of learning and communication in adolescence. I found the common reasons that affect teenagers' troubles in Professor Zhang's videos.
On the one hand, it comes from the psychological influence of children's physical maturity. With the gradual maturity of the first feature, the second feature began to appear. Children's lack of sexual knowledge leads to the inability to correctly handle the proportion of communication with the opposite sex, ignorance can not be extended, and it is easy to produce sexual anxiety and fear, which is the main internal cause of the rise of juvenile sexual crimes.
On the other hand, it comes from the contradiction in the process of psychological development. For example, if you want to be independent, you must depend on your family in some way. I want to have my own closed space, but I need the open company of my family; I want to establish a brave and arrogant image, but my inferiority and cowardice based on family and personality are always affected; Sometimes I miss my carefree childhood, and sometimes I yearn for freedom and independence as an adult.
The original contradiction in the quality of thinking continues to expand. I have my own critical opinions on the thinking activities of traditional ideas, and I have to rely on beautiful design in real life. Be careful of the self-fantasy, blind worship and overconfidence of personal behavior consciousness at this stage, which is a precursor to the onset of depression. When there is a serious gap between reality and imagination, self-denial and doubt become the tortured masters of the spiritual world. How children grasp the balance between freedom and equality, rights and status is an urgent need for our clever intervention and good guidance in this period.