Rigger is a special type of work. He must be approved by the county safety production supervision bureau and the quality and technical supervision bureau before he can work alone. Its particularity lies in the wide range of hoisting operation and complex construction conditions. There is no fixed construction method for many jobs, which should be formulated according to objective conditions such as tools, mechanical equipment, manpower, time, place and environment. The methods of hoisting operation are ever-changing, but there are some commonalities. If we really grasp their commonness and then determine their particularity according to the situation, it will be easy to build.
First, the basic operation method of rigger
(A) rigger's "five-step" operation method
1. Field investigation stage: that is, "look". When accepting the hoisting task, whether at the site or in other places, first go to the construction site to check whether the foundation is flat, whether there are wires in the air, whether there are houses and trees around, whether the roads are smooth, whether there are working faces in mechanical construction, whether there are natural objects used by indigenous methods, and whether there are underground ditches and caves. This step is to prepare first-hand information for future planning.
2. Know the situation: that is, "ask". This step is the key stage. Its main task is to inquire about the main contents of this task, the name, overall size, weight and center of gravity of the suspended object, and whether there are any special construction technical requirements in the construction, such as the equipment cannot be inverted, the vibration cannot be too large, and the surface cannot be worn. , as well as the specific location where the object needs to be hoisted, the space and state after it is officially in place, etc. In understanding, it is necessary to ask the allowable binding point of the object and determine the strength of the object after the binding point.
3. Make a plan: that is, "think". This step is the systematization of the first two steps. According to the site situation and the specific requirements of the hoisted object, the "thinking" and "doing" must be combined with the technical strength of the construction team and the existing tools to select the hoisting scheme. Before the scheme is formally determined, let's see which scheme is economical and labor-saving while ensuring absolute safety and reliability. Need to consider what kind of machinery to use, what is the power, whether there is a power supply, whether it is rolling transportation or sliding transportation. What specifications should be selected for slider, wire rope, clasp and chuck? Whether to use hoist as power or machinery as power; How to arrange the ground anchor; Where the commander is standing and so on. If mechanical hoisting is adopted, what kind of trailer and crane should be selected, how much weight should be hoisted within the radius of gyration, whether the hook height can meet the requirements and whether the construction site can meet the requirements. Whether the purpose can be achieved in the construction and whether other auxiliary machines and tools are needed to cooperate. How to organize the labor force, which level of personnel is needed to directly lead the construction, and what safety matters need to be paid attention to in the construction. The scheme must be determined after a comprehensive technical and economic comparison, and the construction approval procedures must be handled.
4. Program implementation: namely "dry". In the implementation of the scheme, the first thing is to make technical disclosure, and some daily work will be carried out by the team leader according to the work content, mainly focusing on the work content, working methods, process requirements, required labor, machines and tools, construction safety precautions, etc., and at the same time determine the construction director. For larger projects, the squad leader and technicians can work out the construction plan together, and the team organization and technicians will carry out the construction. For large-scale projects, such as generator stator unloading and hoisting in place, boiler drum unloading, etc., the construction scheme should be presided over by the superior administrative technical director, and the technical disclosure must be presided over by the superior technical director. After the construction plan is approved and made public, it must be resolutely implemented and shall not be changed at will. If the situation changes and the original plan needs to be changed, it must be approved by the examination and approval personnel at all levels. After the work, we must recycle the tools and collect all the wastes according to the principle of cleaning up the site after the work.
It should also be emphasized that work should not be "dead" but "alive". It is inevitable that there will be slight changes in the hoisting construction scheme during the implementation, and some even change the whole scheme due to objective conditions. Therefore, we should be flexible and reasonable in our work, but we must never go our own way.
5. Summary stage: namely "receiving". After a work is completed, it is necessary to recall the whole process of the work and sum up what is right, what is insufficient, what construction steps are redundant and what cannot be improved. Can you find out its key points and universal laws from this project? For some valuable things, it is best to take written notes for reference and improve your professional level.
(B) the "Top Ten" operation methods of rigger
To sum up, the basic operation methods of hoisting operation are nothing more than lifting, prying, bundling, hanging, jacking, hanging, sliding, turning, rolling and so on. In homework, sometimes there is only one method, and sometimes several methods are mixed.
Second, the lifting operation safety precautions
In electric power construction, hoisting and transportation operations are directly related to the construction speed and the safety of personnel, equipment and machinery. A slight negligence in the work may cause losses to the power construction. Therefore, every worker engaged in lifting and transportation should study hard and delve into technology, be familiar with safety knowledge, firmly establish the correct idea that "safety is for production, and production must be safe", resolutely implement the laws, regulations and systems of the state and units on safety production, and truly complete the task of power construction comprehensively, quickly, well and economically.
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1, general precautions for lifting operation
1. 1 To make the safety technical disclosure before hoisting, the construction personnel must be clear about the four aspects, namely, defining the engineering task, the construction method, the weight of the hoisted object and the safety precautions.
1.2 During the hoisting work, you must stick to your post, concentrate your thoughts, obey the distribution, and do not talk noisily.
1.3 when working in the trial operation area, you should abide by the operating system, and you are not allowed to touch buttons and various control devices.
1.4 It is forbidden to bind sliders, chain chains and winches on running pipelines, equipment and unstable buildings as supporting points for lifting heavy objects.
1.5 All kinds of heavy objects should be placed safely to prevent toppling and rolling.
2. Safety precautions for aerial work
2. 1 The personnel who take part in aerial work must be examined by a doctor, and those who pass the examination can carry out aerial work;
2.2 All operations carried out at heights more than 2m above the ground and likely to fall shall be regarded as high-altitude operations, and relevant regulations on high-altitude operations shall be observed. Fasten your seat belt and hang it in a solid and reliable place above the working point before you can carry out the operation.
2.3 Before using the seat belt, check it carefully and carry out load test regularly. You can only use it if you are qualified.
2.4 When working high above the ground, you must wear soft-soled shoes. Slippers, hard shoes and plastic shoes are strictly prohibited.
2.5 Before working at heights, scaffolding should be set up in advance, railings should be tied as required, or isolation measures should be taken to prevent falling, and they can be used only after they are qualified.
2.6 The springboard on the scaffold should be erected on a high place, and both ends should be tied tightly to prevent the head from becoming warped;
2.7 When working on dangerous edges such as container roofs, high-altitude single steel beams and roofs, railings and safety nets should be installed at the airport side.
2.8 The tools and materials for aerial work shall be put in the tool bag and fastened with safety ropes. For larger tools, the safety rope should be tied to a solid component, and it should not be placed casually to prevent falling.
2.9 Operators at heights shall not throw tools and objects up and down at will;
2. 10 During aerial work, no one but relevant personnel shall stay or pass under the workplace, and warning ropes shall be set under the workplace to prevent falling objects from injuring people;
2. 1 1 It is forbidden to climb on unstable structures for aerial work. In order to prevent false boarding, warning signs should be hung at the necessary positions of the structure.
2. 12 When working at height in winter, the snow must be removed to prevent slipping.
3, lifting machinery driver ten don't lift
There are many precautions for lifting safety, but in the current lifting operation, the situation often boils down to "ten don't lift", which drivers and lifting commanders should keep in mind and can't ignore.
1) If the weight of the hoisted object is not clear, do not hoist it;
2) If the hoisting command signal is unclear, do not hoist;
3) The steel wire rope is not fastened and hoisted;
4) The center of gravity of the hoisted object is not together with the vertical line of the hook, so it is not cable-stayed towing;
5) The hoisted objects are buried underground or frozen, and are not hoisted together;
6) insufficient lighting on the construction site;
7) When the wind force is above 6, the outdoor hoisting operation will not be suspended;
8) Someone is standing on the hoisted equipment, or someone is not hoisted below;
9) Flammable and explosive dangerous goods shall not be hoisted without safety operation ticket;
10) The weight of the hoisted object exceeds the specified load.
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4. Safety measures in the process of sliding and rolling transportation
1) When carrying objects, whether on flat cement pavement or general pavement, walkways should be laid to prevent roller skates from hurting hands and feet. Workers who add roller skates are not allowed to wear gloves, put their thumbs on the upper part of roller skates, and put the remaining four fingers in roller skates, or insert a 450mm×50mm wooden stick into roller skates for adjustment. Those who add roller skates should squat on both sides of the roller skates.
2) The center of gravity of the object should be placed in the center of the tray later, which can reduce the pressure in front of the tray and facilitate rolling. When hauling round objects, sleepers and wedges should be well padded. When handling large objects with small bottom area, measures should be taken to prevent the objects from dumping. For thin-walled and deformable objects, reinforcement measures should be taken before towing.
3) When laying the lower walkway, the joints of sleepers should be staggered, and the lower walkway should be straight to reduce the friction resistance during dragging. The joint of the lower walkway requires that the last sleeper should not be higher than the joint of the previous sleeper. If it exceeds the height of the previous block, the joint of the previous block should be padded with thin boards.
4) When carrying objects, don't tie the pulley to unstable buildings or running equipment.
5) When towing objects need to be tied with wooden stakes, it is necessary to find out whether there are buried cables, pipes or other water pipes underground.
6) When hauling objects, it is forbidden to let people stay or pass through the dangerous area caused by hauling wire ropes.
7) When hauling objects and knocking the rollover protection bar with a hammer, it is necessary to prevent people from being hit or the hammer head from falling off and hurting people.
5, automobile transportation safety precautions
1) When transporting objects by car, the performance and use conditions of the car should be clear, and overloading is not allowed.
2) When loading, you should know the shape and center of gravity of the object. After loading the object with unstable center of gravity, it must be tied firmly with hemp rope, steel wire rope, chain chain and rope tightener. For round objects that are easy to roll, in addition to binding, they should also be wedged with sleepers along their rolling direction.
3) When loading the car, the center of gravity of the object should be installed as far as possible in the position where the rear tire of the car is slightly forward and symmetrical, and the deviation should not be too large. When the loaded object itself cannot reach the above position, a counterweight should be appropriately added to keep the car in a balanced transportation.
4) When loading extra-long materials, the extra-long frame should be installed on the vehicle. The super-long frame should be fixed on the carriage and cannot be moved. For super-long materials, it is necessary to use rigging to bind and fix the super-long frame and carriage.
5) During transportation, the carriage board should be closed. If the object is too long and too wide to close the carriage plate, binding measures should be taken.
6) When the car is transported on the road, the length, width and height of the transported objects shall comply with the relevant regulations of the transportation department on automobile transportation.
7) When transporting goods by motor vehicle, no passengers are allowed in the carriage.
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