The scientific nature of the regulation lies in the requirement that junior high school is the stage of accumulating perceptual materials. Through a lot of familiar reading and reciting, we can be familiar with various linguistic phenomena of classical Chinese, enrich the knowledge of ancient Chinese, accumulate knowledge of vocabulary and sentence patterns, and cultivate a sense of language. On this solid foundation, senior high school gradually formed the ability to read simple classical Chinese through repeated practice. The realization of the above requirements is a gradual process, which embodies the characteristics of stages.
Junior high school students are basically only exposed to ancient poetry in primary school, and suddenly come into contact with more abstruse classical Chinese, which inevitably leads to fear of difficulties. Try to make students understand that the learning goal of classical Chinese is not unattainable, but can be achieved through hard work. It is necessary to eliminate the fear of difficulties, build confidence, effectively improve the understanding and understanding of classical Chinese, clarify the learning objectives and values of classical Chinese, and strive to learn classical Chinese. In the actual teaching process, we should not only pay close attention to students' familiar reading and reciting, but also use cross talk to guide students to achieve mastery.
The so-called cross talk method is to focus on the whole article, pay attention to words and sentences, and intersperse paragraphs until the full text is meaningful. In the past, most of the traditional methods of cross talk were reading, speaking, stringing, analyzing words, breaking sentences and translating. Students were required to take notes frequently, and then they were trained to speak back, translate and recite. Now, we pay attention to autonomous learning. We should analyze their meaning and usage, discover and summarize their application rules and sentence environment, attach importance to inspiring students' hands-on and thinking ability, and mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative on the basis of asking students to complete the task of previewing words.
Teachers can combine string teaching method with other teaching methods, or let students string more strings according to the actual situation of the text. We can split a move into different combination punches to encourage and stimulate students' desire to learn and make them feel that learning is the best teaching effect.
Second, the interpretation and analysis should be accurate and concise, and the translation of broken sentences should be simple. Students' subjectivity requirements have not been placed in a prominent position in the past, but now they are paid more and more attention, advocated and cultivated. Therefore, in the process of learning classical Chinese in the future, we should pay full attention to the requirements of students' autonomous learning, pay attention to cultivating students' autonomous reading comprehension and application ability, get rid of some bad factors in traditional teaching, and let students gradually become real learning subjects. If students can understand and have clear marks, such as year number, place name, person name and some special words, they can find and memorize the teaching plan of junior high school courseware by themselves and summarize the discussion of physical chemistry or Chinese, mathematics and English. If there are disputes and uncertainties, the teacher will give guidance and eliminate difficulties.
In studying classical Chinese, the author thinks that the most important and crucial point is to form the viewpoint consciousness that "a word in classical Chinese can basically be regarded as a word equals a word". This is the most prominent particularity of classical Chinese compared with other stylistic articles, and I believe many friends should have a deep understanding.
Classical Chinese came into being in ancient times. Different times and environments have different meanings and usages. Generally speaking, learning the meaning of notional words, the usage of function words, special sentence patterns and some common sense of classical Chinese is the basic content of learning classical Chinese, while mastering the meaning of a word is the core task of teaching and learning, and the teaching and learning of classical Chinese must be organized around vocabulary.
Whether it is difficult for students to learn classical Chinese often depends on the analysis of the meaning of words. If the meaning of words is well analyzed, the tasks of sentence breaking and translation can be carried out smoothly. Therefore, in the process of teaching and learning classical Chinese, it is required to explain and analyze accurately and concisely, and to translate sentences with simple terms.
To clearly explain and analyze the meaning and usage of words in classical Chinese, the following three aspects are well done and the effect is very outstanding: when the word 1 It is ambiguous, so we should make clear the original intention and choose the correct meaning. Any word in classical Chinese must first determine its original meaning in the development of historical language, so as to make a reasonable explanation of the sentence. Every word in classical Chinese can basically be regarded as a word, but the phenomenon of polysemy is very common, such as the connection between "Yue" and "See" and "Now". Another example is that "nothing" can be interpreted as flight, loss and death, and another example is that "zhi" has more than six explanations and usages in classical Chinese, so we should pay attention to it.
2. Pay attention to the comparative analysis of ancient and modern meanings. Distinguishing the ancient and modern meanings of classical Chinese words is the core of mastering ancient Chinese. From the perspective of inheritance and development, we should clarify the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings and overcome the problem of making meaning by reading literature.
"Jiang" refers to the Yangtze River in ancient times, and "River" refers to the Yellow River in ancient times, and sometimes refers to the Huaihe River. Now "Jiang" and "River" refer to all rivers; The ancient "stink" refers to the aroma, not the stench today; The ancient meaning of "sacrifice" is an animal that sacrifices, but now it means giving up life or interests for justice; "Despicable" was a neutral word in ancient times, meaning low status, but now it has become a derogatory term. Pay attention to the comparative analysis of the differences between ancient and modern word meanings.
Another point is to avoid misunderstanding monosyllabic words in classical Chinese as disyllabic words. For example, "wife" means wife and children in ancient times, and is a man's spouse in modern times, which is two monosyllabic words; The ancient meaning of "clothes" is tops and petticoats, but the present meaning refers to clothes in general.
Try to treat every word in classical Chinese as a word, which makes it easier to prevent a little knowledge of the text. 3. Grasping the characteristics of using words and writing in classical Chinese, the ancients wrote articles, emphasizing ideas, paying attention to structure, momentum and context, and sometimes cherishing words as gold in the use of language. The layout of the article is obvious, the article is concise and rich in meaning. Therefore, teachers and scholars should sum up a set of teaching and learning methods according to the characteristics of classical Chinese, pay attention to the characteristics of words and writing in classical Chinese, look at the overall concept, and attach importance to the connection between local structure and content.
Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription" is ambitious, with "moral heart" as the full text. It is very rare to live in a land full of moss and weeds, but it is also very rare to support famous mountains and rivers and express one's ambition as a gentleman and scholar. Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" reflects his own love with the love of others, sets off the sanctity of lotus with the love of Tao Qian for chrysanthemums and the love of ordinary people for peonies, and entrusts himself with the ideal of becoming a gentleman. In teaching, grasp.