The cultivation of talents in colleges and universities is a process of the unification of education and education. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has attached great importance to personnel training and ideological and political work in colleges and universities. A series of important decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have pointed out the direction for solving the fundamental problem of who to train, how to train people and for whom, and for comprehensively promoting the ideological and political construction of courses and realizing the education of all staff.
In recent years, colleges and universities all over the country are also constantly exploring and practicing, taking the ideological and political construction of courses as an important starting point to strengthen ideological and political education in colleges and universities and comprehensively improve the quality of education and teaching. At present, colleges and universities attach great importance to it, departments are widely mobilized and teachers actively participate.
On this basis, how to comprehensively promote the ideological and political construction in colleges and universities and realize the leap of ideological and political education? After extensive investigation and in-depth study, the Ministry of Education has issued the Guiding Outline of Ideological and Political Construction in Colleges and Universities (hereinafter referred to as the Outline), which has made an overall design and overall deployment for the ideological and political construction in colleges and universities from the national level.
"This is a strategic, key and beneficial move to implement the fundamental task of Lide Shu Ren and effectively carry out ideological and political work for college students." Yan Wu, director of the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education, said that it is necessary to comprehensively promote the ideological and political construction of courses in colleges and universities and majors, so that every teacher can assume the responsibility of educating people, so that every course can play a good role in educating people, so that professional courses can be combined with the promotion of truth, goodness and beauty, and "dry preaching" can be transformed into "lively teaching".
How to achieve this change?
Taking the overall improvement of personnel training ability as the core
Based on the teaching work, the Outline defines the "what to do, how to do it and who will do it" in the ideological and political construction of courses, and puts forward very clear and specific requirements for local governments at all levels, universities, departments and teachers, public courses, professional courses, practical courses and other courses, and all disciplines and majors such as literature, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine and art.
"Turning flood irrigation into precision drip irrigation has opened up the' fog' of understanding for universities and teachers, so that every teacher can find his own' role', do his own' characteristics' and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of ideological and political work." Yanwu said that in terms of construction goals, ideological and political courses and ideological and political courses are going in the same direction. Around the core point of improving the ability of personnel training in an all-round way, colleges and universities in China are promoting the construction of ideological and political courses, and the concept of ideological and political courses has been widely recognized. Teachers' awareness and ability to carry out the construction of ideological and political courses have been comprehensively improved, and the system and mechanism for jointly promoting the construction of ideological and political courses have been basically improved, further improving the effectiveness of moral education in colleges and universities.
In the view of Xu Lei, vice president of Fudan University, "the ideological and political construction of courses is a systematic project under the overall pattern of' three-all education', not a model house project with only a few courses, but according to the requirements of' two haves', all courses have educational functions, and all teachers have the educational responsibility to carry out comprehensive construction."
After more than ten years of practical exploration, Shanghai has achieved three "full coverage" of ideological and political courses, all colleges and universities have set up "China Series" elective courses, all colleges and universities have carried out comprehensive literacy curriculum reform, and all colleges and universities have carried out professional curriculum education reform. Fudan University's demonstration course of ideological and political education has covered all departments, and the demonstration specialty has covered all departments of philosophy and social sciences, and continues to extend to departments of science and engineering.
In order to give full play to the educational function of the course, China Agricultural University changed the course syllabus to "Education Syllabus", revised the ways and means of emphasizing student-centered and strengthening the organic integration of ideological and political education into the whole teaching process, made clear the relationship between the course teaching objectives and the realization of personnel training objectives, and promoted the deepening and implementation of the course education reform.
To promote the ideological and political construction in colleges and universities in an all-round way, the Ministry of Education has made clear the main working ideas, adhered to the unity of knowledge imparting and value leading, and realized the integration of value shaping, knowledge imparting and ability training; Adhere to the unity of explicit education and implicit education, and tap the ideological and political education elements contained in various courses, which not only forms the momentum of "storming the other side", but also produces the effect of "moistening things quietly"; Adhere to the unity of overall coordination and classification guidance, not only strengthen the coordination and promotion of top-level design, but also strengthen classification guidance according to the characteristics of different majors and different courses; Adhere to the unity of summing up inheritance and innovation exploration, sum up experience in time, select typical trees and promote them in an all-round way.
In the view of Meng Shangjiu, president of Jiamusi University, "to implement the' four unifications', we must properly handle the relationship between' ingredients' and' salt'." "Ingredients" and "salt" are like the relationship between knowledge imparting and value shaping, explicit education and implicit education. The ingredients are tangible and the salt is delicious. The pursuit of ideological and political education in the curriculum is "eating salt without adding salt". Teachers of specialized courses are like chefs. They should take care of temperature and taste, make a good meal of courses and ideological and political education, and bear the soul of ideological and political education in the body of specialized courses. "
Grasp the main force, main battlefield and main channel
80% of university teachers are professional teachers, 80% of courses are professional courses, and 80% of students' study time is professional study. Years of investigation show that 80% of college students think that professional courses and teachers have the deepest influence on their growth. Yanwu said that "four 80%" is the realistic basis for putting forward the important proposition of curriculum ideological and political construction. Among them, the first three 80% also constitute an important starting point for the ideological and political construction of courses, that is, firmly grasp the "main force" of professional teachers, the "main battlefield" of professional teaching and the "main channel" of professional courses, and further promote the close combination of professional education and ideological and political education.
Teachers are the key to comprehensively promote the ideological and political construction of courses, and their awareness and ability to carry out the ideological and political construction of courses determine whether the ideological and political construction of courses can achieve practical results. The "Outline" puts forward that we should pay attention to the improvement of ability, cooperation and exchange, demonstration and guidance, resource sharing and theoretical research, promote teachers to further strengthen their awareness of educating people, identify the perspective of educating people, improve their ability to educate people, and ensure that the ideological and political construction of the curriculum is implemented and achieved practical results.
In recent years, colleges and universities all over the country are also actively exploring according to local conditions and schools. For example, on 20 19, Tianjin organized the first online collective lesson preparation for ideological and political education in the city, focusing on the ways and means of integrating ideological and political education into curriculum teaching; In Jiangxi province, two teachers are in the same class, and some colleges and universities try to promote ideological and political teachers to teach in the same class with other professional teachers to guide practical teaching; Wuhan University's "Six Academicians in the Same Course" offers the basic course Introduction to Surveying and Mapping for freshmen; Beijing Institute of Technology launched a series of "student-centered" lunch workshops to improve teaching ability, and made "course ideological and political" a necessary content shared by every expert; Shandong Province has established a research center for ideological and political education in colleges and universities, which is responsible for the research and practice of ideological and political education in colleges and universities in the province, building special websites and regularly pushing cases of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.
Curriculum is the basic unit of talent training and the fundamental support of curriculum ideological and political construction. Clarify the key points of teaching content, scientifically design the teaching system, and promote the ideological and political education of courses by classification. The outline requires that colleges and universities across the country should grasp the important grasp of these courses in practice.
The Guiding Opinions of Northeast Normal University on Revising the Training Scheme for New Talents puts education indicators such as "moral standards" and "feelings for home and country" at the top of graduation requirements, strictly controls the supporting relationship and weight of each course, and ensures the detailed implementation of curriculum education; 20 19 North China Electric Power University launched the construction plan of "one department, one lesson" ideological and political demonstration course; Daqing Normal University regards Daqing Iron Man Spirit as the characteristic of curriculum education, and puts "training talents with iron man spirit in normal education and petroleum and petrochemical industry" into the overall goal of school talent training; In the teaching of A Brief History of the Universe, Professor Li Xiangdong of Nanjing University closely combines philosophy and astronomy to help students establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. The course of "Science, Culture and Ocean" in Tongji University was lectured by Wang, a famous marine geologist and academician of China Academy of Sciences, which condensed the culture of "maritime power" and shaped the scientific and cultural spirit of students. In the courses represented by "love tea" and "farming cultivate", Nanjing Agricultural University integrates "feelings of home and country, spirit of rule of law, social responsibility, cultural self-confidence and humanistic accomplishment" into teaching contents and activities. The course "Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Civilization" in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine has sublimated the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and boosted its cultural confidence.
Classroom teaching is the starting point and destination of ideological and political course construction. Grasping the "main channel" of classroom teaching, on the one hand, we should integrate the ideological and political construction of the course into classroom teaching, on the other hand, we should comprehensively use the first classroom and the second classroom, and combine "reading thousands of books" with "taking the Wan Li road". As Li Shutao, vice president of Hunan University, said: "Every course contains rich ideological and political elements, but these ideological and political resources are not directly exposed in the course content, but hidden behind various knowledge points and in the depths of scientific theories, which require teachers to actively explore, process and utilize."
In recent years, colleges and universities across the country have further promoted innovation and entrepreneurship education. Nearly 10 million college students participated in the "internet plus" College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, and 1.7 million college students participated in the "Youth Red Dream Tour" to explore the ideological and political mode of drip irrigation, infiltration and experience, offer the largest and most temperature ideological and political course, and accumulate practical courses to carry out ideological and political courses.
Strengthen the "triple guarantee" and let students "taste the sweetness"
"From the early practice and exploration of colleges and universities around the world, the function of ideological and political education is comprehensive and breakthrough." Wu Qiang, secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, said that it is deeply recognized that high-quality teaching should not only answer the questions of "what to teach" and "how to teach", but also further answer the deep-seated value questions of "for whom to teach" and "why to teach".
However, the course of ideological and political construction is a systematic project, which must be long-term, normal, pragmatic and effective if it is to be truly implemented and achieved practical results. Yanwu said that this requires the establishment of a series of mechanisms, such as teacher training mechanism, high-quality resource sharing mechanism, evaluation system and incentive mechanism, organizational guarantee mechanism and so on. Among them, it is especially necessary to strengthen the "triple guarantee", that is, to strengthen the organizational leadership guarantee to make the ideological and political construction in colleges and universities "motivated"; Strengthen the guarantee of incentive mechanism, so that teachers can "have energy" to carry out ideological and political work in courses; Strengthen the guarantee of assessment and evaluation, so that students can "taste the sweetness" through ideological and political courses.
In order to comprehensively promote ideological and political construction in colleges and universities, this new policy clearly needs to improve organizational leadership from three levels to ensure the quality of ideological and political construction courses. Macroscopically, the Ministry of Education has set up a coordination group for ideological and political construction of courses and an expert advisory committee for ideological and political construction of courses in colleges and universities. At the meso level, all localities have strengthened their leadership over the ideological and political construction of the curriculum, formulated the work plan of the ideological and political construction of the curriculum in combination with actual research, improved the working mechanism, and strengthened policy coordination and matching; At the micro level, colleges and universities have established a distinctive pattern of ideological and political construction of courses with unified leadership by Party committees, joint management by Party and government, leadership by education administrative departments, linkage of relevant departments, implementation and promotion by departments.
The ultimate beneficiary of ideological and political construction is students, and the effect of talent training is the primary criterion for evaluation. The New Deal requires that in the process of promoting the ideological and political construction of curriculum, we should persist in student-centered, output-oriented and continuous improvement, establish and improve a multi-dimensional evaluation system and supervision and inspection mechanism for the ideological and political construction of curriculum, study and formulate scientific and diversified evaluation criteria for the ideological and political construction of curriculum, and take teachers' participation in the ideological and political construction of curriculum and teaching effect as an important content of teacher evaluation, post appointment, selection and training.
"Curriculum ideological and political education is a combination of professional courses and promoting truth, goodness and beauty. This combination should have a process of exploration, excavation, smelting and processing. Teachers should establish a student-centered concept, change the expression, entertain and entertain, and constantly improve students' learning experience and learning effect. "Yanwu said that this process is a chemical reaction, a process of turning the teacher's" I want to tell you "into the student's" What I want to learn ",and a process of making the course ideological, affectionate, warm and loving. (Reporter Wan Yufeng)