Piaget's "Three Mountains Experiment" is a well-known experiment. Piaget pointed out through this experiment that children in the pre-operation stage are self-centered and lack logic, so they can only look at problems from their own perspective.

Exercise:

Three hills are scattered on a three-dimensional sand dune model. First, let the children observe the model from different directions. Then, let the children look at four photos of sand dunes taken from four directions. Let the children point out which photo is the same as the sand dune scene seen by another person (experimenter or doll) standing in different directions.

Conclusion: Children in preoperative stage think that people see the same thing at any angle.

Knowledge points: educational psychology-students' psychological development and education-students' cognitive development and education-Piaget's cognitive development stage theory and education-Piaget's cognitive development theory-pre-operation stage.

Second, "conservation experiment"

Piaget proved through the "conservation experiment" that children in the pre-operation stage do not have the "conservation concept", and children in this stage can only see the problem from one dimension.

Practice: First, present the child with two equal cups of water (the cups are of the same shape), then in front of the child, pour these two cups of water into a tall and thin container and another short and fat container respectively, and ask the child which cup has more water (or the same amount).

Conclusion: Children under 6 or 7 years old can only judge the water quantity according to the depth of the water in the cup, regardless of the caliber of the cup. However, children over the age of 6 or 7 can generally give the correct answer, saying that there is the same amount of water in two cups.

Knowledge points: educational psychology-students' psychological development and education-students' cognitive development and education-Piaget's cognitive development stage theory and education-Piaget's cognitive development theory-pre-operation stage.

Third, "pendulum experiment"

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development stage, only after formal operation can we have inductive reasoning ability and scientific verification of pendulum experiment. Therefore, pendulum experiment marks that children's cognition has developed to the stage of formal operation.

Practice: Fix ropes with different lengths on a beam, and the ends of the ropes can be tied with weights with different weights. The experimenter showed the subjects how to make the pendulum swing (tighten the pendulum rope tied with heavy objects and lift it to a certain height, then put it down). The task of the subjects is to determine which factor determines the swing speed of the pendulum by investigating four factors related to the swing of the pendulum (the weight of the weight, the height of the swing rope, the force to push the swing rope and the length of the swing rope). Subjects have enough time to test the above factors.

Conclusion: During the experiment, children in a specific operation stage can't control other related factors when testing one factor. For example, if the swinging rope is short and heavy, the swinging speed will be fast. Therefore, it is mistakenly believed that the swing speed is determined by the swing length and the weight of the tied weight. Only in the stage of formal operation can teenagers test hypotheses like scientists and finally get the only possible and strictly logical explanation about the problem. The correct answer is that the length of the pendulum rope determines the speed at which the pendulum swings. The shorter the swinging rope, the faster it swings.

Knowledge points: educational psychology-students' psychological development and education-students' cognitive development and education-Piaget's cognitive development stage theory and education-Piaget's cognitive development theory-formal operation stage.

These are several classic experiments of Piaget's cognitive development theory. I hope it will be helpful to all the students preparing for the exam. Wish you an early landing!