/kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, Peter I established a new capital in the northern city of Petersburg. With the climax of urban construction, famous buildings such as "Winter Palace" and "Summer Palace" came into being. But from the appearance, they basically belong to the replica of western European palace buildings such as Versailles in France. Among many magnificent buildings, there is an exhibition hall dedicated to storing cultural relics, treasures and works of art. Although it was not open to the outside world at that time, it already reflected the cultural taste of Russian society in the18th century.
Portrait art: In the field of painting creation, portraits of oil painting materials have become popular. The portrait creation in the early stage often emphasizes the description of external factors such as posture and clothing, which is more gorgeous and less vivid. This kind of painting will be called "portrait of clothes" in the future. Nikitin (about 1690— 174 1) is the founder of the Russian national portrait school. Peter I sent him to Italy to study painting. After returning home, he advocated the Russian realism school. The Cossack Leader-Geithmann (1724) is one of his representative works, and his creation has established the first principle of Russian portrait painting-expressing the unrepeatable and individual external appearance of human beings. Nikitin's famous works include Peter I (1722) and golovkin (172). Antropov (1716-1795) was an outstanding portrait painter in the middle of18th century. Compared with his predecessors, his works focus on depicting the psychology of characters and have depth. His work The Portrait of Peter III (1762) is very successful in describing the characters and their environmental characteristics.
/kloc-in the second half of the 0/8th century, a kind of "inner portrait" was born, which is different from the so-called "dressing portrait". The creation of Rokotov (1736- 1808) marks a new realm of Russian portrait painting. His works, such as Maikov the Poet (1765) and The Unknown Girl in a Rose Skirt (1770), can meet the requirements of people's spiritual communication. The creation of Levich (1735-1822) embodies the further development of "inner portrait". Levich studied under Antropov, and his portrait group paintings for the students of smalley Senior Women's College showed the level of "inner portrait" style. In his works entitled Portrait of Neridova and Portrait of Alemo (177), Levich combined Antropov's preciseness with Rokotov's lyricism, thus providing an example for Russian portrait art in the18th century. /kloc-the famous portrait painter in the 8th century was borokovsky (1757-1825), and his works, such as The Portrait of Mayi Gru Pi Na (1797), are also excellent works for depicting characters.
Sculpture art: the westernization of Russian lifestyle and the prosperity of urban construction directly affect the changes of artistic content and types. In addition to the popularity of portraits, sculpture art has also jumped from a long-neglected situation to a popular category. It is not only widely used in architecture and garden decoration, but also an ideal form for making portraits. The early achievements of Russian professional sculpture are reflected in portrait creation. /kloc-The high-quality portrait sculptures in the first half of the 8th century were mainly the series of busts of Peter I made by Italian sculptor rastelli (1700- 177 1). By the second half of the18th century, Bin Shu (1740— 1805), an outstanding national sculptor, appeared in Russia. Bin Shu's famous works are mainly statues made for celebrities of his time, such as The Statue of Goritsyn (1773- 1775) and The Statue of lomonosov (1793). From the standpoint of enlightenment, he revealed the characteristics of the characters more fully and in many ways, and showed the characters in the era of Catherine II more intensively.
Ekaterina II (1729— 1796) was a female tsar, who played an important role in the historical process of Russia in the18th century. She maintained her ruling power for 30 years in the second half of the18th century. The czar showed great enthusiasm for the cause of art. 1764 Shortly after she took office, she presided over the founding ceremony of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Petersburg as an art protector. She also loved art collection and bought a lot of European art. More importantly, Catherine II continued the policy of sponsoring art and foreign exchange formed in the era of Peter I, which provided a good social environment for the sustainable development of Russian art. Therefore, during her administration, Russian art reached the level of synchronous development with European art.
Russian classical art: In Russia, the formation of classical art was a century later than in Europe. Nevertheless, it has played a role in enriching Russian plastic arts. Advocate classical art in academic education, consolidate the foundation of sketch, and deepen the analysis of composition law and theory. Luo Xianke (1737— 1773) is considered as the first important classical painter. 1770, he wrote "Vladimir" and "Rognida" on the theme of Russian national history. Another of his masterpieces, A Farewell between Ji K and Andromacha (1773), uses the theme of ancient Greek epic to promote a social thought belonging to the spirit of classicism. In painting, classicism promoted the formation of theme creation. In sculpture, classicism solved the problem of shaping the image of heroes monument. The monument of Peter I (also known as Bronze Knight) made by the sculptor Falcon (1716-1791) who came to Russia from France during this period is a classic in Russian art history. In the monument, Peter I is depicted as the representative, reformer and creator of the Enlightenment. Wearing a crown on his head and a Roman shirt, he rode on a tall horse and stood on Russian soil with his firm right arm.