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Time: April 6, 2004 at 9: 1 1: 45.
Number of visits: 138
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First, the form of fake ticket fraud (a) forged bills. Forgery of bills refers to the act of an unauthorized person pretending to be someone else or in the name of a fictional person, forging a consignment bill and forging the signature on the bill. Forged bank bills and bank acceptance bills are the consistent modus operandi of criminals, with more cases and more sophisticated modus operandi, almost to the point of confusing the real with the fake. 1, according to the real ticket fraud, and then fake it, we commonly call it "cloning" bill, that is, on the basis of the real ticket, fraudsters copy the fake ticket according to the specifications, dimensions and anti-counterfeiting marks of the real ticket, and then copy all the face contents of the real ticket to the fake ticket, thus deceiving enterprises or banks, and the real ticket will coexist, and even be confused. 2. Deceive the bank to issue real bills through legal means, and then return the real bills for fraud after fraud. This kind of fraudulent means, especially bank drafts, is more common. First, fill in the compliant draft power of attorney to defraud the real and valid bank draft and copy the fake ticket, then go to the bank to go through the "unused return" procedure to recover the funds, and then cheat others with the fake ticket. 3. Forge the bank seal. Criminals use high-tech means to forge seals to cheat. Ordinary criminals forge the bank seal reserved by rural credit cooperatives in commercial banks, entrust commercial banks to draw real and legal bank drafts in the name of rural credit cooperatives, and then take cash from different places to defraud money, causing huge financial losses to banks. (2) Altering bills. Altering a bill refers to the behavior of a person who has no right to change the contents of the bill and changes the items recorded on the bill except the signature, which is another trick of fake ticket fraud Mainly use modern technology to alter the amount or other contents on bills to commit crimes and fraud. There was a case in a certain place: criminals took advantage of the loophole that the bank did not control the number of checks purchased by customers, and altered the name of the bank and the account number of the enterprise in the upper right corner of a blank check held by one business organization of the bank, resulting in a check from another business organization of the bank, and stamped the forged seal of the bank's account opening unit for fraud. Another example is that after the payee gets the check, he uses the loophole that the drawer does not add the RMB symbol before the lowercase amount to increase the check amount and defraud the funds by altering the check amount. (3) To stop payment of legal and valid bills issued in accordance with normal commodity transactions, and defraud commodity sellers or bank funds. After a customer in a certain place applied to the bank for issuing a bank draft, he immediately applied to the court for public notice on the grounds that the draft was lost, and the court issued a notice to the drawer to stop payment. Obviously, if the payment is stopped successfully, the seller will suffer; If the payment stop is unsuccessful, the biggest possibility is that the agent payment bank will not receive the payment stop notice, and the bank will suffer. (4) The criminals who found the bill used the separation of the issuing bank and the agent payment bank to defraud the bank funds. After the payee of a bank draft lost the draft, he went through the relevant payment stop procedures with the local court. Because the court's notice of stopping payment was not sent to the foreign agent payment bank, the drawee made a false endorsement transfer after picking up the ticket, making it a formal and legal holder, making the bill pay smoothly and successfully defrauding the bank funds. Second, the characteristics of bill fraud (a) a large range. Fake bill fraud not only includes all bills such as forward commercial bills and spot checks, promissory notes and bank drafts, but also covers different regions and involves various enterprises and units. (2) the amount is large. The amount of counterfeit money ranges from hundreds of thousands to millions. 1999, we found 27 fake bills in the jurisdiction with a total amount of 562 10000 yuan. Among them, 4 pieces are more than 5 million yuan, 2 million yuan 1 1 piece, and only 6 pieces are less than 500,000 yuan. (3) Strong concealment. Because it takes a long or short time for all kinds of bills to collect money from the holder, especially commercial bills, which can last up to 6 months, it is difficult to find out whether there is fraudulent behavior of fake tickets during this period. (4) Great harm. As a business unit, once it receives a fake bill, it means the loss of payment; As a bank, once it receives a fake, it means a direct financial loss. At the same time, it will disrupt the normal production of enterprises and the normal business activities of banks and undermine the financial and economic order. (5) There are many cases of internal and external collusion. Most successful fraud cases fall into this category. A very small number of bank staff collude with criminals and create conditions for them to cheat by providing blank bills or impressions, which makes it more difficult for all parties concerned to distinguish between true and false and makes fraud easier to succeed. (6) Fake ticket fraud is developing to grass-roots small and medium-sized financial institutions. This is a new trend in the development of fake ticket fraud. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized financial institutions have small bill business, relatively low personnel quality and low anti-fraud ability, so criminals point their finger at grass-roots institutions, resulting in frequent cases of fraudulent tickets at or below the county level. Third, the reason for the formation of fake ticket fraud is that criminals are morally corrupt and greedy, but there are other factors that indirectly provide opportunities for fake ticket fraud. (A) Lack of understanding of bill risks and poor awareness of risk prevention. Although all kinds of counterfeit ticket cases continue to occur, although the relevant departments have repeatedly stressed the great risks, serious harm and the importance of prevention of bills. The salesmen and even leaders of some financial institutions always think that although the risks are great, they are still far away from themselves. They are lucky and lack sufficient understanding of the reality and significance of bill risks, which are shown as follows: First, they don't know enough about bill anti-counterfeiting knowledge, they don't have a comprehensive and accurate grasp of bill anti-counterfeiting technology, and their ability to identify and distinguish counterfeit goods is not strong. Second, the internal management is not strict, and there is a lack of strict internal control mechanism, which leads to the failure to meet the requirements of layer-by-layer checks in the handling of bill business, and even collusion between internal and external, and bank personnel provide criminals with blank bills or have a vicious accident related to seals. (B) the concept of the system is poor, there are laws that are not followed, and there are rules that are not followed. After the implementation of Bill Law, with the approval of the State Council, the People's Bank of China issued the Measures for the Implementation of Bill Management, formulated and promulgated the Measures for Payment and Settlement and the Measures for Accounting of Payment and Settlement, further concretized the provisions of various systems, and formed a set of relatively perfect rules and regulations and operating procedures, which have clear and detailed regulations and requirements for all aspects of bill business, but they are often not well implemented in practical work. In some successful cases of ticket fraud, the criminals' superb means of ticket fraud is on the one hand, but more importantly, they do not follow the rules, do not follow the prescribed procedures, and do not review the bills according to the prescribed requirements. (3) The relevant laws and regulations are not well connected and lack of coordination. Mainly reflected in the handling of lost transfer bills. If the negotiable instrument is lost, according to the provisions of the negotiable instrument law, the bank will not report the loss, but the court will publicize such instruments. However, because the bill can be transferred by endorsement and has liquidity, it is impossible to determine the final destination of the bill in advance. However, the court's notice of stop payment is generally only sent to the issuing bank, and the paying bank will understand or post the notice of stop payment. Once the criminals alter the illegally obtained bills, they can pay or discount the bills, thus defrauding the bank funds. (four) the printing of bills is not standardized, and there are serious quality problems, which objectively facilitates the counterfeiting activities of criminals. In order to prevent counterfeit banknotes, the head office of the People's Bank of China unified the specifications and dimensions of bills and formulated strict anti-counterfeiting labels. However, there are many nonstandard and even serious quality problems in the actual bill printing. First, the specifications and sizes are inconsistent, with a maximum difference of 2 mm; Second, the anti-counterfeiting mark is not clear, and it is even impossible to make a fluorescent reflection of the amount of the text column, an important anti-counterfeiting mark of the bill; Third, the printed contents of bills are improper, and some bank bills are marked with the words "invalid" under fluorescent lights. (E) Banks are backward in technical means to identify fake tickets. With the development of modern high-tech, criminals use high-tech means such as computers when carving fake seals and making fake bills, almost to the point of confusing the fake with the real. But at present, the methods commonly used by banks to identify counterfeit goods are still at a low technical level: printing inspection is still the original method of visual inspection or angle inspection; Ticket inspection, only with the help of ultraviolet or fluorescent money detector. Bill Law has been in operation for nearly five years. With the increasingly rampant bill fraud, there is no special ticket checking machine to distinguish the authenticity of bills. More importantly, the two-dimensional code, as one of the anti-counterfeiting marks with the highest scientific content on bills and the most difficult for criminals to forge and alter, can't be verified by banks generally, making it invalid. Four. Measures to prevent fraudulent ticket fraud Although fraudulent ticket fraud cases occur from time to time, we should not give up eating because of choking. On the contrary, we should continue to vigorously promote the application of bills and promote the legalization of bank settlement, which requires us to enhance our awareness of risk prevention and pay more attention to preventing fraudulent tickets. Every bank employee, especially leading cadres at all levels, must improve their understanding of bill anti-counterfeiting and take the prevention of payment and settlement risks as the top priority. The following effective measures must be taken: (1) Strengthen business study, strengthen internal management, strictly abide by rules and regulations, and strengthen civil air defense. Bankers, especially front-line bill business personnel, should strengthen their business study, not only to learn the handling process of bill business, but also to master the face characteristics of various bills, especially the anti-counterfeiting marks, and keep them in mind to improve their ability to identify counterfeit goods. At the same time, all business institutions should strengthen ideological and moral education, improve internal control system, strengthen internal control, and prevent internal and external collusion and fraud. On the basis of perfecting the system, we must also ensure the implementation of the system, handle the bill business in strict accordance with the rules and regulations and operational procedures, and completely put an end to the phenomenon of non-compliance with the law. (two) improve the external technical means of bank audit bills, enhance the accuracy of operation, strengthen technical defense. First, the head office of the People's Bank of China designated a special manufacturer to produce a special ticket inspection machine, which can distinguish the authenticity of the bill itself by accurately inspecting the characteristics of the bill, especially the authenticity of the anti-counterfeiting mark. Second, for the check business in the same city, we should promote the use of payment passwords that are highly reliable and difficult to decipher, and add a line of defense to control risks. (three) to coordinate the working relationship between the relevant departments, so that the relevant systems and regulations are connected with each other. In particular, the court departments should strictly grasp the scope of acceptance of public notice, and make it consistent with our bill business processing system in operation. You can consider changing the payment method of bank draft, and change the current understanding of payment to the way of collecting tickets by entrustment. It is also possible to establish an information exchange network between the bank and the court, so that the information on the loss of bills accepted by the bank can be quickly transmitted to all branches of the bank to avoid the loss of bank funds due to their own actions. (four) standardize the printing of bills and enhance the anti-counterfeiting function of bills. Bill printers must print all kinds of bill vouchers in strict accordance with the regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Head Office, so that they can meet the requirements in terms of paper quality, specifications, face patterns, anti-counterfeiting marks and so on. At the same time, the People's Bank of China, as the administrative organ of bill business, should regularly adjust the patterns of bills, especially the anti-counterfeiting marks. It should not be fixed, but should be adjusted regularly and constantly improved with the development of science and technology to effectively enhance the anti-counterfeiting function of the bill itself. (five) the implementation of rewards and punishments, the establishment of incentive mechanism. Give appropriate rewards to those who strictly implement the system, carefully examine the bills, successfully intercept fake tickets and avoid economic losses; However, if the audit is not strict, or if it does not operate according to the regulations, it will accept fake bills and give corresponding penalties. This can effectively mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of the majority of business personnel to prevent fake bills. (six) the establishment of a defense system covering the entire financial system, forming a situation in which all localities and banks work together to prevent. The first is to establish a system of transferring cross-system bills to intra-system queries. For large or suspicious bank bills and bank acceptance bills settled in different places, the receiving bank or the local bank with the same system as the issuing bank or the acceptance place will handle the inquiry procedures on its behalf, which overcomes the disadvantages of the existing cross-system inter-bank inquiry that it is difficult to contact the inspected bank and the inquiry is not serious. The second is to improve the check procedure by means of telex card linkage, that is, after the bank receives the inquiry about the bill business, it will not only answer the questions truthfully, but also send the original copy of the bill to the inquiring bank for it to distinguish the authenticity of the bill, which is an effective way to successfully identify the "cloned" bill. Third, the local people's banks take the lead in establishing an information system for regularly reporting fake tickets and regularly carrying out anti-fake experience exchange activities. All localities and banks timely collect and master the fake ticket information and its new features and trends found in their own regions and banks, sum up the anti-counterfeiting experience in time, and communicate and exchange information, exchange experiences and learn skills in a certain way throughout the financial system to improve the anti-counterfeiting ability of the entire financial system.