1. Significance: It is necessary to teach students the basic knowledge and skills of modern advanced science, and combine the inherent moral education factors in knowledge and skills to educate students on political, ideological and moral qualities.

2. Reflect the law: the unity of imparting knowledge and ideological education (Education Law)

Step 3 Implement the requirements

① Teachers should ensure the scientificity of teaching;

② Teachers should carry out ideological and moral education according to the characteristics of teaching content;

③ Teachers should carry out ideological and moral education for students through all aspects of teaching activities;

Teachers should constantly improve their professional ability and ideological level.

Second, the principle of integrating theory with practice.

1. Meaning: The principle of integrating theory with practice means that teaching should be guided by learning basic knowledge, understand knowledge from the connection between theory and practice, and pay attention to using knowledge to analyze and solve problems, so as to achieve the purpose of applying what you have learned.

2. Reflect the law: the combination of indirect experience and direct experience (indirect law).

Step 3 Implement the requirements

(1) The teaching of book knowledge should be combined with practice.

② Pay attention to cultivating students' ability to use knowledge.

③ Correctly handle the relationship between knowledge teaching and skill training.

(4) Supplement the necessary local textbooks.

Third, the principle of intuition

1. Meaning: Teachers should make full use of students' various senses and existing experience, enrich students' direct experience and perceptual knowledge through various forms of perception, and enable students to obtain vivid representations and master knowledge in an all-round way.

Intuitive teaching can be divided into three categories: object intuition, model intuition and speech intuition.

2. Reflect the law: direct experience and indirect experience are unified (indirect law).

Step 3 Implement the requirements

① Correct selection of intuitive teaching AIDS and teaching methods;

(2) Combining the demonstration of visual teaching AIDS with the voice explanation;

③ Pay attention to the intuition of words.

Fourth, the heuristic principle.

1. Meaning: arouse students' initiative and enthusiasm, guide students to think independently, explore actively, and improve their ability to analyze and solve problems.

2. Reflect the law: the unity of teacher-led and student-centered (bilateral law)

Step 3 Implement the requirements

① Mobilizing students' enthusiasm-the primary problem of inspiration.

② Inspire students to think independently and improve their logical thinking ability.

(3) Let students participate and cultivate the ability to solve problems independently.

④ Carry forward teaching democracy.

Five, the principle of gradual progress

1. Meaning: Teachers should teach in strict accordance with the inherent logic of scientific knowledge and the law of students' cognitive development, so that students can master systematic scientific and cultural knowledge and their abilities can be fully developed.

2. Embody the law: the sequential law of physical and mental development.

Step 3 Implement the requirements

① Teaching according to the systematization of teaching materials;

(2) Pay attention to the main contradictions and solve the key and difficult points in teaching.

③ From shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex.

Sixth, consolidate principles.

1. Meaning: It is necessary to guide students to firmly grasp knowledge and basic skills on the basis of understanding, and present them accurately when necessary, so as to facilitate the application of knowledge and skills.

2. Embody the law: Ebbinghaus forgetting curve

Step 3 Implement the requirements

① Consolidate on the basis of understanding;

② Pay attention to organizing various reviews;

③ Actively consolidate in expanding, reorganizing and applying knowledge.

Seven, the principle of ability

1. Meaning: Teaching activities should be suitable for students' development level. This principle is put forward to prevent the teaching difficulty from being lower than or higher than the actual level of students.

2. Reflect the law: the nearest development zone in Vygotsky

Step 3 Implement the requirements

① Understand students' development level, and proceed from reality to teach;

② Considering the characteristics of students' cognitive development.

Eight, the principle of teaching students according to their aptitude

1. Meaning: Starting from the unified requirements, all students should be taught in accordance with their aptitude, so that each student can develop their strengths and avoid their weaknesses and get the best development.

2. Embody the law: the law of individual differences in physical and mental development.

3. Basic requirements

① Differentiate teaching according to students' characteristics;

② Take effective measures to fully develop talented students.